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CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
- Background of the study
Providing universal primary education and education for all children (especially in the countries of Sub-SaharaAfrica) is one of the set goals of the United Nations that has suffered a serious setback as a result of the current global economic crisis (Azi & Saluhu. 2016). This has hit hard on the dependent economy of Sub-Sahara African countries like Nigeria with the resulting consequence of poor welfare for school children. In Nigeria, the poor welfare of children is an effect on the socio-economic conditions of their parents. Nwajiuba and Oni (2017) lamented that the population of Nigerian children that are engaged in alternative jobs as a means of survival to support their family income, and their education is still on the increase. He added that the increasing number of children with poor welfare is responsible for the poor academic performance of students at the Junior Secondary School Certificate Examinations (JSSCE)Academic performance refers to the learning outcome of a student in a subject or group of subjects over a period of class instructions. Duruji, Azuh and Oviasogie (2014) defined it as the degree of a student’s accomplishment on his/her studies. They noted that the conventional approach for measuring level of academic achievement of a student in a subjector group of subjects within a period of instruction is often expressed in standard grades of percentages.The level of the student’s performance could be said to depend on how well he\she meets the standards set out byan institution, a teacher or an external examination body either set up by the government or an independent outfit. Hence, aJunior Secondary School Certificate Examination (JSSCE) candidate could be said to have passed or have a high level ofperformance in a core subject like English Language and Mathematics if he/she made an average score of 70%, 60% oreven 50%, while another could be said to have failed if the score falls significantly below the aforementioned scores;(all depending on the examiner, educational institution or researcher).English Language and Mathematics are compulsory subjects that learners have to pass at the Junior SecondarySchool Certificate Examination (JSSCE) and the West African Senior Secondary Certificate Examination (WASSCE), toqualify them for any course of their choice. Unfortunately, Duruji, Azuh and Oviasogie (2014) reported that a student’sacademic performance in JSSCE in the past few decades has recorded abysmal performance in both external and internalexaminations. They added that the chief examiner in 2010, May\June West Africa Senior School Certificate Examination(WASSCE) reported poor performance of students in English Language. This performance declined in 2014 to 43.97%,while in 2015 only 41.09% made at least five credit passes in JSSCE (including Mathematics). Kolo, (2015) attributed themarginal decline in the student’s performance to various socio-psychological challenges confronting children-child abuse,child labor, and child neglect among others. Educational neglect covers all forms of material, moral, financial and academic deprivation that a child could suffer in matters pertaining to their schooling or student needs at school. A child that is educationally neglected is often one that lacks material resources, moral, financial and academic support to carry on with various engagements at school while the other aspect of child neglect (social neglect) connotes all forms of victimization, marginalization or alienation that a child may suffer from parents, teachers, peers, siblings or significant others within his immediate environment(Akoloh et al, 2016)Within a learning environment, Olusi (2013) submitted that children who are victims of neglect appear to constitute more problems at school. This is because they are the least successful in cognitive tasks when compared to their other counterparts who are not physically, educationally, or socially neglected. He added that they are also more fearful, inattentive, pathetic, insecure, maladjusted and unable to compete favorably with their peers academically. Socially, they demonstrate inappropriate behaviors and are not accepted by their classmates. To address some of these challenges, Aluede(2017) recognized the relevance of school-based counseling and counselors in addressing the aforementioned challenges confronting children at school.
- STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
In view of the lofty ideas of the senior secondary school education, it is stipulated that it be provided unhindered. Unfortunately, the abysmal achievement of students in Nigeria has been and is still a source of concern and research interest to educators and other stakeholders in education. This is because of the great importance that education has on the national development of the country. All over the country, there is a consensus of opinion about the fallen standard of education in Nigeria (Adebule, 2004). It has been observed that parents and educators are in total agreement that their huge investment on education is not yielding the desired dividend while teachers complain of student’s low performance in both internal and external examination Kolo (2015).The Federal Government of Nigeria declared free and compulsory primary education to all Nigerian children irrespective of their socioeconomic status as stated in the National Policy on Education. Some parents/guardians sometimes make children stay at home to assist them in domestic chores, go to the farm, and even accompany them to buy and sell on market days in order to support their education and support family income. The non-enforcement of the Child Rights Actin Edo and other states as well as high level of poverty continues to worsen the plight of the Nigerian child (Olusi, 2013).This constitutes the worry of the researcher
- OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
The objectives of the study are;
- To ascertain the relationship between child neglect and academic performance among senior secondary school student in Edo state
- To ascertain the level of child neglect among secondary school student in Edo state
- To ascertain whether Educational and social neglect predict students’ academic performance in senior secondary schools in Edo State
- RESEARCH HYPOTHESES
In the course of this study, three main hypotheses are formulated.
Hypothesis One
Ho: there is no relationship between child neglect and academic performance among senior secondary school student in Edo state
Ha: there is relationship between child neglect and academic performance among senior secondary school student in Edo state
Hypothesis Two
Ho: Educational and social neglect do not significantly predict students’ academic performance in senior secondary schools in Edo State
Ha: Educational and social neglect significantly predict students’ academic performance in senior secondary schools in Edo State
- SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
The study will be very significant to students and the ministry of education. The study will also give a clear insight on the child neglect as predictor of academic performance among secondary school students in Edo state. The study will also serve as a reference to other researcher that will embark on related topic
- SCOPE AND LIMITATION OF THE STUDY
The scope of the study covers child neglect as predictor of academic performance among secondary school students in Edo state. The researcher encounters some constrain which limited the scope of the study;
- a) AVAILABILITY OF RESEARCH MATERIAL: The research material available to the researcher is insufficient, thereby limiting the study
- b) TIME: The time frame allocated to the study does not enhance wider coverage as the researcher has to combine other academic activities and examinations with the study.
1.7 DEFINITION OF TERMS
CHILD NEGLECT: Child neglect is a form of child abuse, and is a deficit in meeting a child’s basic needs, including the failure to provide adequate health care, supervision, clothing, nutrition, housing as well as their physical, emotional, social, educational and safety needs.
PREDICTOR: formula for determining additional values or derivatives of a function from the relationship of its given values
ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE; Academic performance or “academic achievement” is the extent to which a student, teacher or institution has attained their short or long-term educational goals. Completion of educational benchmarks such as secondary school diplomas and bachelor’s degrees represent academic achievement
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