EFFECTS OF SOME WEATHER ELEMENTS ON THE OCCURRENCE OF MALARIA, TYPHOID AND TUBERCULOSIS CASES
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ABSTRACT
Weather variables like temperature, precipitation, relative humidity, wind direction, and others have an impact on human health. Determine the pattern of occurrence of rainfall, temperature, and relative humidity. Determine the pattern of distribution of cases of malaria, typhoid, and tuberculosis. Examine the effect of rainfall, temperature, and relative humidity on the occurrence of malaria, typhoid, and tuberculosis in Onitsha North LGA, Anambra State. This was accomplished through the following objectives (2004-2013). Anambra State NIMET office in Awka provided records of rainfall, temperature, and relative humidity. The records of malaria, typhoid, and tuberculosis cases were obtained from the chosen Additionally, hospitals (from 2004 to 2013) were used for this study. The trends of every piece of data that was gathered were examined using time series analysis. Pearson Feature Moment The relationship between the three diseases’ occurrence and the climatic variables was examined using correlation analysis. By dividing the year into the cold dry season, hot dry season, and rainy season, the seasonal occurrence of the diseases was examined. The analysis revealed that between 2004 and 2013, temperature, typhoid, and tuberculosis showed increasing trends while rainfall, relative humidity, and malaria showed decreasing trends. According to the correlation analysis, different weather factors have different effects on malaria, typhoid, and tuberculosis. With a r value of 0.646, rainfall and malaria showed a significant relationship, and an insignificant Temperature did not exhibit a significant correlation with any of the three diseases, with malaria having a r value of -0.194, typhoid having a r value of -0.253, and tuberculosis having a r value of -0.102. With r values of 0.852 for malaria, 0.807 for typhoid, and -0.427 for tuberculosis, relative humidity showed a significant relationship with both of these diseases. The seasonal analysis revealed that tuberculosis had its highest number of occurrences in the cold dry season with 16.97 cases and the lowest reported case reported, while malaria and typhoid had their highest number of occurrences in the rainy season with 84.87 and 2.46 cases and their lowest in the cold dry season with 76.62 and 1.75 cases, respectively.
with 11.31 cases during the rainy season. In the study area, the hypothesis was tested and confirmed in cases of tuberculosis while being disproved in cases of malaria and typhoid. It was advised.
that education programs should be developed by all three levels of government
conducted to provide safe and sufficient drinking water for the masses, educate people about the impact of climate change on the occurrence of diseases, and give away free mosquito nets to locals. On the other hand, the populace needs to sanitize their surroundings.
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY
Natural environmental factors like temperature, precipitation, relative humidity, wind direction, and others have an impact on human health. Climate is the long-term effects of weather and other atmospheric conditions in a given area, whereas weather is the state of the atmosphere at a particular time and place. The term “disease” refers to an abnormal state of the body or mind that results in pain or dysfunction (English 1.2.2 dictionary, 2011). The Oxford Dictionary of Science (2005) defines global warming as an increase in the earth’s average air temperature over time.
According to Tong (2002), who conducted an ecological time series analysis to look at the ecological relationship between climate variability and the transmission of Ross River Virus (RRV) diseases, the environment has a variety of effects on health. Queensland between 1985 and 1996. The findings showed that, despite the fact that a variety of factors can influence RRV transmission cycles, these cycles are typically sensitive to climate variability, and rainfall, temperature, and tidal level appear to be significant meteorological determinants at the macro level. In the pre-antibiotic era, the mortality rate from tuberculosis was higher in the late winter and early spring than at any other time of the year, according to Thorpe, Frieden, Laserson, Wells, and Khtri (2004). It was suggested that environmental and social factors like temperature, humidity, sunlight, crowding, and person-to-person contacts are a source of tuberculosis seasonality, particularly in the winter. ongoing investigation into the relationship between meteorological factors and infectious diseases
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