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SKILL COMPETENCY AND GENDER AS DETERMINANT OF BUSINESS PERFORMANCE (A CASE STUDY OF OLABISI ONABANJO UNIVERSITY, OOU WATER FACTORY)

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Abstract

This was set to investigate skill competency and gender as determinant of business performance in Olabisi Onabanjo University, OOU Water Factory. The study also tends to examine gender characteristics that contributes to business failures in Nigeria. The study employed simple random sampling techniques. A sample of 300 respondents which comprises of workers, customers and management staffs of Olabisi Onabanjo University, OOU Water Factory. This study employed mixed methods research design that used both qualitative and quantitative approaches in a single study to gather or analyze data. The findings revealed that there is a significant impact of skill competencies on the management staffs of OOU Water Factory, there is a significant relationship between gender and business performance in OOU Water Factory. Also, skill competence do positively relate to organizational capability in OOU Water Factory. The study concludes that strong entrepreneurial skill competency will cause the higher competence of the owner, which will ultimately lead to higher business performance in Nigeria. It was recommended that Government should endeavor to sponsor potential entrepreneurs on skill competency to aid establishment of more small and medium scale enterprises.

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                                               CHAPTER ONE

                                              INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the Study

Business entrepreneurs uses their skill competency to create and exploit business opportunities available within their environment. According to Kiggundu, 2002;  Brinckmann,  2008;  Mitchelmore  and  Rowley, (2013) skill competency is one of the significant determining  factors  for  success,  performance  and growth  or  failure  of  business  operation. Business entrepreneurs with experience and entrepreneurial skills have  the  capacity  to  transform  society  and economy  at  large, because they  are  innovators who  create jobs  and  alleviate  poverty  (Adesua-Lincoln,  2012), and are  inventors  of  new wealth,  goods  and services. The entrepreneur’s gender, psychological and behavioral characteristics, as well as his or her managerial skills and technical know-how are often cited as the most influential factors related to the performance of small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs), which is usually considered the ultimate criterion to define successful or unsuccessful firms (Man, Lau & Chan, 2002; Noor, 2010).

Although the rate of female entrepreneurs have risen in recent decades, the prevalence of business ownership among women is only 50-60 percent compared to men. The low rate of business entrepreneurs among women permeates around the world.  Aggregate data from the OECD indicate that female self-employment rates are substantially lower than male rates in almost every reported country with an average ratio of 0.543 (OECD 2002). The low rate of business ownership among women is a worldwide phenomenon. In the USA, the female business ownership rate is 6.6%, which is only 60% of the male rate (Fairlie 2006). This indicates that gender and skill competency plays a significant role in business performance globally. Moreover, while entrepreneurship provides benefits in terms of social and economic growth, it also offers benefits in terms of individual fulfilment, with entrepreneurship now breaking through the barriers of class, age, gender, sexual orientation, and race.

Although data with large samples of female-owned businesses are scarce, a handful of previous studies have used business-level data to study the outcomes of female-owned firms. These studies have revealed that women-owned firms were more likely to close and had lower levels of sales, profits, and employment (Kalleberg and Leicht 1991; Rosa et al. 1996; Robb 2002; Robb and Wolken 2002). According to World Bank (2002), women typically work about 25% more hours than men, but their total remuneration is less. They are usually concentrated either in the rural areas or the informal sector of urban areas, where pay levels tend to be lower than in the formal sector of the economy (Faktörler & Etkiler, 2014).

Skill competency refer to a specific set of competencies for operationalizing entrepreneurship in a new enterprise (Mitchelmore & Rowley, 2010). According to Al-Mamun et al. (2016), skill competencies are defined as the abilities to use resources for improving micro-enterprise performance. According to Bird (1995), entrepreneurial competencies have a relationship with the start-up, growth and sustainability of an enterprise. Similarly, Lewis and Churchill (1983) indicated that entrepreneurial competencies can determine successful business.

Besides, an individual’s competencies can boost his or her personal strength in managing an enterprise efficiently (Man et al., 2002). Gerli et al. (2011) asserted that it is important for entrepreneurs to enhance certain competencies that can facilitate firm performance. Mitchelmore and Rowley (2013) claimed that entrepreneurial competencies can improve enterprise performance, growth and economic development. The difference that arises between female and male owners, however, is that female business owners are less likely to have worked in the family business than male business owners. Work experience in a family business may provide important opportunities for acquiring general and specific business human capital (Fairlie & Robb, 2007). To address this gap in the present study, this study examined skill competency and gender as determinant of business performance.

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1.2 Statement of the Problem

The Nigeria economy within the first half of this century (20th century, 1901 – 2000) experienced quite a lot of business failures. There was a rapid growth in the number of indigenous companies in the country, but these companies collapsed with the same rapidity with which they were established. Business failures are actually one of the most difficult and complex concern faced by investors in the equity market or the stock exchange market in the recent times. Even with the best of strategic cooperate planning, business failure are still a common occurrence. In general it was gathered that some of the causes of business failure includes but not limited to; incompetency, lack of capital and inefficient management. Given the divesting effect of business ailments, it become necessary to undertake a research into the problems and failures of business as well as making suggestion on ways of improving business performance in Nigeria.

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1.3 Objectives of the Study

The main aim of this study is to examine skill competency and gender as determinant of business performance in Olabisi Onabanjo University, OOU Water Factory. The specific objective are to;

  1. Examine the impact of skill competencies on the management staffs of Olabisi Onabanjo University, Water Factory.
  2. Ascertain the significant relationship between gender and business performance in OOU Water Factory.
  3. Determine if skill competence is positively related to organizational capability in OOU Water Factory.
  4. Proffer possible solutions to the challenges of incompetence and business failures in Nigeria.
Determinants of Firm's open innovation performance and the role of R & D  department: an empirical evidence from Malaysian SME's | Journal of Global  Entrepreneurship Research | Full Text

1.4 Research Questions

The following determining research questions will serve as a guide to the process:

  1. Is there any significant impact of skill competencies on the management staffs of Olabisi Onabanjo University, Water Factory?
  2. Is there any significant relationship between gender and business performance in OOU Water Factory?
  3. Does skill competence positively relate to organizational capability in OOU Water Factory?
  4. Do businesses owned by women easily collapse than those owned by the men counterparts?
Determinants of Firm's open innovation performance and the role of R & D  department: an empirical evidence from Malaysian SME's | Journal of Global  Entrepreneurship Research | Full Text

1.5 Significance of the Study

This study highlights skill competency and gender as determinant of business performance, it is believed that at completion, the findings of this study will brings to the fore the causes of business failure in Nigeria at large. This study will be of immense benefit to business owners as its recommendations will have practical implications in business survival which if adopted will address the root causes of business failure and provide adequate measures in mitigating reoccurrence. The information gathered here could be used by Managers of Small and medium Scale Enterprises for planning appropriate measures for business growth and survival as well as the effective allocation of resources. The study findings will contribute to the existing literatures on skill competency and gender as determinant in business performance. It is believed that this research study will be of great use to general public by expanding their knowledge on small scale business. Lastly, this study will contribute to existing knowledge in the area which will be of immense benefit to researchers, educationist and the society at large.

1.6 Scope and Limitations of the Study

This study will be carried out to examine skill competency and gender as determinant of business performance in Olabisi Onabanjo University, OOU Water Factory as a case study, also with a view to provide solution to the challenegs facing business owners. The subject scope includes the management and staffs of Olabisi Onabanjo University, Water Factory as at the time of the study.

There were some constraint that tends to hinder the flow of this study, such limitations include:

Respondent Reluctance: In most cases the selected the staffs of OOU Water Factory often feels reluctance over providing required information required by the researcher. This result in finding information where the structured questionnaires could not point out.

Covid-19 Pandemic: the sudden outbreak of the deadly virus also posed a major challenge to this study. The researcher finds it difficult to move around to places within the study area to gather factual data that would have contributed immensely to the success of this research work.

Availability of Research Material: The research material available to the researcher is insufficient, thereby limiting the study.

Finance: The finance available for the research work does not allow for wider coverage as resources are very limited as the researcher has other academic bills to cover.

1.7 Definition of Terms

Skill

A skill is the learned ability to perform an action with determined results with good execution often within a given amount of time, energy, or both. Skills can often be divided into domain-general and domain-specific skills.

Competency

This is the ability to do something successfully or efficiently. Competence is the set of demonstrable characteristics and skills that enable, and improve the efficiency or performance of a job.

Gender

Gender is the range of characteristics pertaining to, and differentiating between, femininity and masculinity. Depending on the context, these characteristics may include biological sex, sex-based social structures (i.e., gender roles), or gender identity.

Business performance

Business performance is a set of analytic processes that enables the management of an organization’s performance to achieve pre-selected goals. It is the activities, closely connected with business competencies, which help the entrepreneur to achieve business goals based on key performance indicators.

Entrepreneurs

An entrepreneur is an individual who creates a new business, bearing most of the risks and enjoying most of the rewards. The process of setting up a business is known as entrepreneurship. The entrepreneur is commonly seen as an innovator, a source of new ideas, goods, services, and business/or procedures.

Business: A business (also known as an enterprise, a company or a firm) is an organizational entity involved in the provision of goods and services to consumers. Businesses serve as conductors of economic activity, and are prevalent in capitalist economies, where most of them are privately owned and provide goods and services.

Business failure: Business failure refers to a company ceasing operations following its inability to make a profit or to bring in enough revenue to cover its expenses. A profitable business can fail if it does not generate adequate cash flow to meet expenses.

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