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THE IMPACT OF BOKO HARAM INSURGENCY ON SOCIO ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN NIGERIA

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title page

Certification

Dedication

Acknowledgement

Abstract

Table of Contents

CHAPTER ONE

1.1   Background to the Study

1.2   Statement of the Problem

1.3   Objective of the Study

1.4   Research Hypotheses

1.5   Significance of the Study

1.6   Scope and Limitations of the Study

1.7   Theoretical Framework

1.8   Research Methodology

1.9   Clarification of Concepts

1.10 Organization of Work

References

CHAPTER TWO

2.1   Literature Review

2.2   The Growth of Boko Haram

2.3   Boko Haram’s Ideology

2.4    The Driving Forces of the Boko Haram Insurgency

2.5    The Activities and Attacks of Boko Haram in Nigeria

References

CHAPTER THREE

3.1   Implication of the Boko Haram Insurgency

3.2   The Implication on Economic Development

 

3.3   The Implication on National Integration

 

References

 

CHAPTER FOUR

4.1   Summary

4.2   Conclusion

4.3   Recommendation

Bibliography

CHAPTER ONE

1.1   BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY

Nigeria as a nation-state is under a severe internal socio-economic and security threat. As a more general level, the threat has social, economic, political and environmental dimensions. Each of these dimensions has greatly affected the nation’s stability, and can be traced to the ethnic militia armies, ethnic and religious conflicts,  poverty, terrorism, armed robbery, corruption, economic sabotage, and environmental degradation (llutoye, 2009).

Boko Haram insurgence becomes the major problem facing Nigerian in the recent time. These groups have perpetrated several bombing that have killed millions of innocent citizens of this country Nigeria and also caused the destruction of both private and public properties worth of billions of naira. It is imperative to note that these groups have also engaged in abduction of school girls. This derives from their bid to make people in the north east geo-political zone of Nigeria to embrace their view on Islamic Nigeria code and western education.

Perhaps, no one saw it coming. No one also believed it would happen. It appeared to have taken us unawares even as it is considered very novel and alien to this clime. To may people, it is totally UN African. But surprisingly, what started like a bully at the thresholds of 2009 has grown and assumed a gargantuan dimension, menacingly and uncontrollably tearing the country apart. It has caused us injury and pain. It has brought us hunger. It has spelt and unleashed untold hardship on the people. The economy is bleeding; it has brought division amongst us, fueling animosities amongst adherent of Islamic and Christian religions (Chioma, 2014).

The predominant threat and security challenges in the area emendating from un-abating attacks on Nigerian citizens, individuals, public and government installations, kidnapping and destruction or properties. AU these effects of Boko Haram activities are serious crime against the Nigeria state, which has threatened its national security and socio-economic activities. This has posed a great challenges to the ground strategy for national security of which the primary aim is “to strengthen the federal republic of Nigeria to advance her interest and objectives, to contain instability, control crime, quality of life of every citizens, improve the welfare and the elimination of corruption” (Damba-Zau 2007: 51).

Boko Haram activities, has destabilized socio-economic activities, increased crime and destruction of both life and property of Nigerian citizens. This can be attested in the northern part of the country most especially Maiduguri, which is the capital of Borno State. This situation has made it impossible for the citizens in that part (Northern) of Nigeria to carry on their legitimate businesses. It is also scaring foreign investors out of the country. Students have been forced to flee their schools, especially after the abduction of over 100 school girls in Chiobok, Borno State. The gravity of the crisis has made some governments to vow never to allow Nigerian students from their state to go to the Northern part of Nigeria for anything. Boko Haram activities also affected the posting of students of southern and eastern extradition on national youth service corps (NYSC) to the north, to the extent that parents are strongly resisting the posting of their children as coppers to the North.

Boko Haram itself is a fatal blow to the noble objective of the scheme as a unifying strategy, the unity of Nigerian is seriously threatened by the Boko Haram insurgence and therefore, Boko Haram fundamentalist sect is considered to be a major potential terrorist threat affecting Nigeria mostly on the part of socio-economic activities of the country.

1.2   STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

Boko Haram, a diffuse Islamist sect, has attacked Nigeria’s police and military, rival clerics, politicians, schools, religious buildings, public institutions, and civilians with increasing regularity since 2009. Some experts view the group as an armed revolt against government corruption, abusive security forces and widening regional economic disparity in an already impoverished country (Akintunde, 2014).

A Boko Haram activity was described by LIS. Intelligence in November 2011 “as a local salatist group attacking Christians and local police stations with Matchet and poison tipped arrows in Nigeria’s Northern Borno State. According to him:

Boko Haram is a way of thinking, it is politically driven, they are loosely organized grassroots insurrection against not only the Abuja government but the traditional Muslim establishment as well (Campbell, 2011)

After nearly a decade of violence, Nigerian government still does not have an effective strategy for dismantling the group. The terrorist organization preys on the disillusioned. Muslims of the north, who are fed up with corruption and who have few economic opportunities, Nigeria is a heterogeneous country divided by two religious beliefs aside traditional religion. The northern half of the country is almost completely Muslim (50 percent of the total Nigerians population) and the southern half is mostly dominated by Christians (40 percent of the total Nigerians population) originating in the Muslim dominated northern region of the country, the movement other rejected everything deemed western. The activities of the group “Boko Haram” grew its ranks by taking advantages of the widespread anger in the north over the country’s gap. In the north, 72 percent of the population lives below the poverty line, compared to only 22 percent in the southern part (Bartolta, 2011).

The goal of Boko Haram sect is to create an Islamic nation in the twelve northern states of Nigeria, which will eventually spread to the rest of the country. From its inception, Boko Haram sect viewed Nigeria as a state or a country running by non-believers and made the government its main target mostly when it is ruled by a non-believer (non-Muslim) President.

The socio-economic implication of Boko Haram in Nigeria is the major thrust of this thesis. Outright confrontation with police and military officers, violent attacks on the populace, bombing and kidnapping have serious socio-economic implication for Nigeria in the international community. Since the activities of the sect, especially since 2009 have not only constituted a major security threat to the nation, but has also made the country one of the most dangerous place to live in the world. The activities of this sect are capable of disintegrating the country. Thus, the need to find lasting solution to the grievance of Boko Haram is very important.

This project hopes to shed light on why Boko Haram arose as well as its implication for Nigeria in the 21st century. Further, it will look at the effect of their coming into being on democratic consideration. It is hoped that this thesis will contribute to the future work on resolving Nigerian terrorist attack by putting forth a new perspective based on using a holistic perspective.

1.3   OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

The broad objectives of the study are to examine the activities of the Boko Haram and its socio-economic implication on Nigeria’s development, using Boko Haram terrorism in Nigeria as a cased study. To achieve this, specifically this research work is designed to examine the following:

  1. To determine if poverty is inducing the Boko Haram insurgency in Nigeria.
  2. To assess the socio-economic implication of Boko Haram insurgence on the nation (Nigeria).
  3. To determine if the activities of Boko Haram have led to internalization of terrorism in Nigeria.
  4. To assess their dangerous activities in relation to Nigeria’s National Security.
  5. To determine if dialogue is a desideratum to the Boko Haram menace in Nigeria.

READ ALSO: THE EFFECT OF BOKO HARAM INSURGENCY ON THE EDUCATIONAL DEVELOPMENT OF NIGERIA STUDENT

1.4   RESEARCH HYPOTHESES

For the purpose of this study, these hypotheses were formulated.

  1. Poverty and unemployment seem to be the driving force of the Boko Haram insurgence
  2. Boko Haram insurgence has made the international community see Nigeria as a terrorist country.
  3. Boko Haram insurgence has led to lose of revenue and seeming disunity in Nigeria.
  4. More fiscal planning are diverted to insecurity at the detriment of other sectors
  5. Dialogue appears to be desideratum to the Boko Haram menace in Nigeria.

1.5   SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

        The problem of Boko Haram and its implication (socio-economic) in Nigeria is central to this research. All individual lives in a world prone to crises. No nation is free from crises. Violence is now endemic in human relations. The global threat of terrorism respect no boundaries or borders. Nigeria is not free from these threats, emanating from Boko Haram activities. It is on this basis that this study is important as it will attempt to answer these questions below. Viz.

  1. What is the nature of this threat?
  2. Have the security agencies handled the situation well?
  3. What have gone wrong with the strategy employed?
  4. How should government respond to these recent terrorist bombing and abduction?
  5. Are there lessons to be leant from other countries ways of dealing with threats such as these?

This research work will attempt to answer these questions and build up relevant literatures on Islamist fundamental and contributes to academic, professional and security at large. As it enlightens, develops and inform citizens and government of the reoccurring activities of domestic terrorists and making it possible for policy makers to strategize measures to handle the conflict in Nigeria.

Beyond serving as an addition to already existing literature, it will serve as a practical guide for those in the field of criminal investigation departments, anti-terrorism or counter insurgence.

This study is thereby motivated by strong desire to contribute to the ranging dissolution of Boko Haram and its socio-economic implication on Nigeria’s development.

It is therefore, hoped that this study will be relevant and will be of great benefits to the students and scholars of political science, history, intelligent and security studies and the society at large.

Read Also: THE IMPACT OF BOKO HARAM INSURGENCY ON NIGERIAN NATIONAL SECURITY

1.6   SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY

The scope of this research work is quite broad that it encompasses the investigations of “the effect of Boko Haram insurgence on the socio-economic development of Nigeria.

In the limitation of this study, various factors contributed in affecting the researcher’s comprehensiveness and totality in carrying out the study. In producing such a work like this, the problem confronting the researcher is not the scarcity of materials, but its availability. Some of which are bias in their presentation. More so, the research work is contemporary and politically sensitive. The researcher therefore is confronted with the problem of interpretation of the actions Boko Haram and their implications.

Finally, there is the question of time and funds which may serve as impediments to this research. Nevertheless, limitation or limitating factors will be greatly managed to make the research work more objective in its presentation.

 

 

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