AN AESTHETIC ASSESSMENT OF SELECT NIGERIAN HOME VIDEOS
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Abstract
This study examined the aesthetic assessment of selected Nigerian home videos. Nollywood filmmakers most often strive to evoke particular feelings in their audience –they try as much as it is possible to create prevailing effects on the minds of viewers’, using widely shared conventions. This study reflects on the use of images, light and sound to create beauty and believability in Nollywood video films, using a semiotic approach to analyse select movies. The article suggests that certain aesthetic elements are used in sharing meaning in Nollywood movie productions. Such elements include but are not limited to signs, codes and conventions, and particular camera, lighting, sound and editing techniques, as well as some other specialized vocabulary of movie productions.
TABLE OF CONTENT
Title Page
Certification
Dedication
Acknowledge
Abstract
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
Background to the study
Statement of Problem
Research Questions
Purpose of the Study
Significance of the study
Delimitation /scope of study
Limitation of Study
CHAPTER TWO:
Review of Related Literature
Conceptual Review
Empirical Review
Theoretical Framework
Summary of Literature Review
CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY
Research design
Population of Study
Sample and Sampling Techniques
Research Instrument
Validity of Instrument
Administration of the Instrument
Method of Data Analysis
CHAPTER FOUR
DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS
Data presentation and Analysis
Discussion of Results
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
Summary
Conclusion
Recommendation
References
Appendix
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the study
Nigerian films (home videos) are most often creating aesthetic reality on the minds of viewers. Aesthetic reality, according to Akpan and Etuk “involves nature rearranged”, it is a kind of reality that reflects through the filmmaker’s personality and indicates selection and treatment given life by the filmmaker, with the aid of the camera, sound, light and available techniques of video production (AKPAN & ETUK, 1990). Chandler notes that television and film use certain common conventions often referred to as the ‘grammar’ of theses audiovisual media. These conventions according to Chandler are important for conveying meaning through particular camera and editing techniques as well as some specialized vocabulary of film production (CHANDLER, 2001). Aesthetics lies in the ability of the filmmaker to utilize all the available tools at his/her disposal to pass a message across to his/her audience and make them feel the way he wants them to feel. The actions of the audience while watching the movies are usually programmed by the filmmaker, who blends in diverse proportions, images, light and sound, with his wealth of experience and vocabulary as well as the diverse technique at his/her disposal. Popular opinion, based on UNESCO report (2009), holds that the Nigerian film industry, popularly called Nollywood, which is dominated by home videos is currently rated second in production of films after Bollywood (India) and over Hollywood (America). Whether this claim is true or not, the truth is that Nigerian films (home videos) are widely watched. It is largely a direct to video industry because they are few producers who work in celluloid. The industry has grown from obscurity to become an important phenomenon which has attracted not only world acclamation but has brought scholars, reporters, reviewers, journalists, investors and different kinds of people to the country. Some of the people come to investigate, invest, and observe the industry or network with its people. (Adenugba, 2007) According to Ekwuazi (1991), the film is a cultural index; a cultural reflector, a socializing agent and therefore the instrument of cultural dynamics. He further explains that the film constitutes an industry whose production is directly ideological. What this means is that the film, in this case, home video projects what it seeks to communicate to its audience, what it seeks to sell, what it wants its audience to understand and what it wants its audience to imbibe. Adenugba posits that the producers of films all over the world use what is in vogue to develop their plots (in terms of messages and themes), in dressing, language and lifestyle amongst others. As we consider their roles as image makers in the country, a casual review prompts us to ask if the viewing audience who would never have been to Nigeria would be able to distinguish an individual actor’s personality, manner of dressing, language and lifestyle as a citizen of the country from the national identity and culture. Further issues these would raise could be if the actors and actresses, either on set or off set, are truly representations of the Nigerian personality, and to what extent? There were occasions when certain film actors/actresses have been attacked and/or molested in the public simply because of the roles that they had played in some home videos. It is true that certain characters in the home videos have gained the sympathy of the viewers while others have been seen as villains and have escaped being lynched by the public when offset. This implies that the viewers do not always separate the actors’ personalities of the real persons. If this is the reaction of the audience to the actors, how would the viewers, especially foreigners and nationals react to Nigeria and its people in view of the portrayals and representations they see in the home videos? On this background the researcher wants to investigate on an aesthetic assessment of select Nigeria home videos
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
Aesthetics lies in the ability of the filmmaker to utilize all the available tools at his/her disposal to pass a message across to his/her audience and make them feel the way he wants them to feel. The actions of the audience while watching the movies are usually programmed by the filmmaker, who blends in diverse proportions, images, light and sound, with his wealth of experience and vocabulary as well as the diverse technique at his/her disposal. It is true that certain characters in the home videos have gained the sympathy of the viewers while others have been seen as villains and have escaped being lynched by the public when offset. This implies that the viewers do not always separate the actors’ personalities of the real persons. If this is the reaction of the audience to the actors, how would the viewers portray and represent what they see in the home videos?
1.3 OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
The objective of this research work is to examine an aesthetic assessment of select Nigerian home videos. The specific objectives are;
- To ascertain how lighting, sound, and graphics add to the aesthetic reality of home videos
- To ascertain how characters and emotions are used to create aesthetics in home videos
- To ascertain how shots are combined to give information or create an aesthetic reality on the minds of viewers
- To ascertain how meaning is conveyed through objects and scenic elements that appear on the screen
1.4 RESEARCH QUESTION
For the purpose of this study
The following research questions are formulated
- Do lighting, sound, and graphics add to the aesthetic reality of home videos?
- Do characters and emotions are used to create aesthetics in home videos?
3 Do shots are combined to give information or create an aesthetic reality on the minds of viewers?
- How meaning is conveyed through objects and scenic elements that appear on the screen?
1.5 JUSTIFICATION OF THE STUDY
Aesthetics lies in the ability of the filmmaker to utilize all the available tools at his/her disposal to pass a message across to his/her audience and make them feel the way he wants them to feel. It is true that certain characters in the home videos have gained the sympathy of the viewers while others have been seen as villains and have escaped being lynched by the public when offset. This implies that the viewers do not always separate the actors’ personalities of the real persons. If this is the reaction of the audience to the actors, how would the viewers portray and represent what they see in the home videos? The research will try to hear the views of the audience and will also suggest a solution to the audience. This makes the researcher to embark on this topic. The researcher used descriptive research survey design in building up this project work the choice of this research design was considered appropriate because of its advantages of identifying attributes of a large population from a group of individuals. The researcher shall use primary source for collection of data. They can be obtained through a survey, observation questionnaire or as experiment; the researcher has adopted the questionnaire method for this study
1.6 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
The study will give clear insight on an aesthetic assessment of select Nigerian home videos. This study will be beneficial to film makers, film director, students and the general public. The study will also serve as a reference to other researchers that want to embark on this topic
1.7 SCOPE OF THE STUDY
The scope of the study covers an aesthetic assessment of select Nigerian home videos. Film makers, film directors, actors and the actresses will be covered as well.
1.8 DELIMITATION OF THE STUDY
In consideration of financial and time constraint, the area of this study has been delimited to some selected residents in Uyo local government of Akwa Ibom state. The targeted population is residents within Uyo with sample size of two hundred (200) participants
1.9 LIMITATION OF THE STUDY
The researcher encounters some constrain which limited the scope of the study;
- a) AVAILABILITY OF RESEARCH MATERIAL: The research material available to the researcher is insufficient, thereby limiting the study
- b) TIME: The time frame allocated to the study does not enhance wider coverage as the researcher has to combine other academic activities and examinations with the study.
- c) Organizational privacy: Limited Access to the selected auditing firm makes it difficult to get all the necessary and required information concerning the activities
1.10 DEFINITION OF TERMS
AESTHETIC: Aesthetics is a branch of philosophy that explores the nature of art, beauty, and taste, with the creation and appreciation of beauty
ASSESSMENT: Assessment is the systematic process of documenting and using empirical data on the knowledge, skill, attitudes, and beliefs to refine programs and improve student learning
HOME VIDEO: Home video is pre-recorded video media that is sold, rented or streamed for home entertainment. The term originates from the VHS/Beta max era, when the predominant medium was videotape, but has carried over into optical disc formats like DVD and Blu-ray and, since the 2000s, into methods of digital distribution
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