ASSESSMENT OF HEMOGLOBIN VARIANTS OF PREGNANT WOMEN ATTENDING ANTENATAL IN DALHATU ARAF SPECIALIST HOSPITAL
| Format: Ms Word | 1-5 Chapters | Table of Content|
INSTANT PROJECT MATERIAL DOWNLOAD
Study Level: BTech, BSc, BEng, BA, HND, ND or NCE
Amount: ₦3,000.00
https://projectsolutionz.com.ng/account-details/
ABSTRACT
This study explores the impact of hemoglobin variants, specifically SS, SC, and AA genotypes, on maternal and neonatal health outcomes, focusing on genotype screening awareness and its effect on pregnancy complications. The research was conducted among pregnant women in various regions, with a particular focus on rural versus urban populations. The study aimed to assess the prevalence of hemoglobinopathies, the uptake of genotype screening, and the associated risks for maternal and neonatal health outcomes.
A total of 120 pregnant women participated in the survey, with 45% from rural areas and 55% from urban regions. The findings revealed that 20% of the participants were carriers of hemoglobin variants (SS and SC), with 15% of these women experiencing complications during pregnancy, including preeclampsia, gestational diabetes, and increased risk of miscarriage. According to the study, women with the SS genotype were at the most risk; 30% of them experienced negative maternal outcomes such severe anemia and premature labor, while only 10% of women with the SC genotype did the same.
ALSO CHECK THIS: ANEMIA IN PREGNANCY: A STUDY OF UNIVERSITY OF UYO TEACHING HOSPITAL
The incidence of low birth weight and jaundice was 25% greater in neonates born to mothers with the SS genotype than in those delivered to mothers with the AA genotype, indicating a significant genotype-based variation in neonatal outcomes. The necessity of focused therapy for women with these hemoglobin variations is highlighted by these findings. Despite these dangers, only 60% of pregnant women said they had had a hemoglobinopathy screening, and the screening rate was much lower for rural women (45%) than for urban women (75%).
The degree of knowledge regarding genotype screening and its significance in managing pregnancy was also investigated in the study. Only 50% of women in rural areas were aware of the possible dangers associated with hemoglobinopathies, compared to 80% of women in urban areas. In rural areas, where genotype screening and counseling programs were less common, the absence of easily accessible healthcare facilities and resources further exacerbated this gap.
These results imply that improving access to genetic counseling and raising awareness of the issue may benefit at-risk women. To sum up, this study emphasizes how important it is to incorporate genotype screening into standard prenatal care, especially in rural regions, in order to lower the risks related to hemoglobin variations. According to the findings, policy changes are necessary to improve healthcare facilities and hemoglobinopathy education, guaranteeing all expectant mothers, regardless of where they live, fair access to screening and treatment. To reduce the inequities found in this study, it is suggested that awareness campaigns be increased, screening expenses be subsidized, and healthcare services be expanded in underserved areas.
TABLE OF CONTENT
Abstract
1.1 Background of the Study. 3
1.2 Statement of the Problem.. 5
1.3 Objectives of the Study. 6
1.5 Significance of the Study. 7
1.6 Scope and Delimitation of the Study. 8
2.1.1 Hemoglobin and Its Variants. 11
2.1.2 Pregnancy and Hemoglobin Dynamics. 13
2.2.1 Genetic Basis of Hemoglobin Variants. 14
2.2.2 Maternal and Fetal Implications. 15
2.3.1 Global Perspective on Hemoglobin Variants in Pregnancy. 16
2.3.2 Studies on Hemoglobin Variants in Nigeria. 18
2.4 Summary of Literature Review.. 19
3.3 Population of the Study. 23
3.4 Sample Size and Sampling Technique. 24
3.5 Data Collection Instruments. 25
3.6 Validation and Reliability of the Instrument 26
3.7 Method of Data Collection. 27
3.8 Method of Data Analysis. 27
3.9 Ethical Considerations. 28
4.1 Presentation of Results. 30
4.1.1 Distribution of Hemoglobin Variants. 30
4.1.2 Correlation Between Hemoglobin Variants and Pregnancy Outcomes. 31
4.3 Impact of Hemoglobin Variants on Neonatal Health Outcomes. 32
4.4 Awareness and Uptake of Genotype Screening Among Pregnant Women. 33
4.5 Summary of Correlations Between Hemoglobin Variants and Pregnancy Outcomes. 34
4.6.1 Implications for Maternal Health. 35
4.6.2 Comparison with Previous Studies. 36
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION, AND RECOMMENDATIONS. 38
5.4 Suggestions for Further Research. 41
LIST OF TABLES
Table 4.1: Distribution of Hemoglobin Variants Among Pregnant Women 32
Table 4.2: Association Between Hemoglobin Variants and Maternal Health Outcomes 33
Table 4.3: Impact of Hemoglobin Variants on Neonatal Health Outcomes 34
Table 4.4: Awareness and Uptake of Genotype Screening Among Pregnant Women 35
Table 4.5: Summary of Correlations Between Hemoglobin Variants and Pregnancy Outcomes 36
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study
The hematopoietic system is particularly strained during pregnancy due to the physiological state, which puts women at risk for anemia and other issues. Hemoglobin variants, which result from genetic alterations that modify hemoglobin structure, are primarily responsible for the prevalence and severity of anemia during pregnancy. These differences significantly affect the results for both the mother and the fetus, underscoring the significance of comprehensive prenatal care. A recent study found that pregnant women’s anemia patterns and characteristics vary significantly across Nigeria, necessitating specialized research to inform better healthcare practices (Inya et al., 2023).
Assessing hemoglobin variations is especially important in areas where hemoglobinopathies, including sickle cell anemia, are common.The reason for this is that these conditions are associated with a higher chance of issues like preterm birth, low birth weight, and preeclampsia. Despite awareness of genotype screening, research conducted in South-South Nigeria revealed that pregnant women continue not to use it, underscoring a lack of access to preventative care (Maduka & Okubor, 2023).
Because hemoglobin variants differ genetically among ethnicities, targeted research is also required. For instance, studies conducted in Brazil on the hematological and biochemical characteristics of hemoglobin variations in postpartum women and their infants highlighted the value of maternal genetic profile in preventing unfavorable neonatal outcomes (de Silva Brito et al., 2022).
Even with advancements in prenatal screening and education, there are differences in the level of awareness and acceptance of genetic interventions. Research from Rwanda indicates that pregnant women are aware of the importance of genetic diseases, yet many remain hesitant about genetic testing, a sign of broader cultural and educational barriers (Niyibizi et al., 2023).
Pregnancy-related hemoglobinopathies are more challenging to manage in Nigeria due to a variety of factors, such as poverty, ignorance, and a weak healthcare system. For example, a study conducted in Lagos State demonstrated the incidence of anemia and the necessity of improved nutritional support and maternal health education (Cole et al., 2022).
USE THIS MATERIALS AS A GUIDE FOR YOUR PERSONAL RESEARCH WORK (IF PROPERLY CITED)
DOWNLOAD DOCUMENT HERE FOR ONLY N3, 000
DISCLAIMER
WE ASSIST OUR CLIENTS BY PROVIDING QUALITY RESEARCH MATERIALS FOR ACADEMIC PURPOSES.
THIS MATERIAL IS FOR RESEARCH PURPOSES ONLY AND SHOULD BE USED AS GUIDELINE.
DO NOT COPY THE ABOVE MATERIALS VERBATIM (WORD FOR WORD)