BIPOLAR DISORDER AND CRIME IN PORTHARCOURT LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA
| Format: Ms Word | 1-5 Chapters | Table of Content|
INSTANT PROJECT MATERIAL DOWNLOAD
Study Level: BTech, BSc, BEng, BA, HND, ND or NCE
Amount: ₦3,000.00
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background to the Study
The concentration of violent crimes in the world’s largest cities is thought to be a sign that urban systems are failing. Violence and criminal activity are becoming dangerously out of control in many Nigerian urban centers, endangering lives and property as well as the country’s sense of unity, peace, and social order. This lowers the standard of living for the populace (Agboola, 2009; Ahmed, 2010). The incidence of crime is the same everywhere in the world and varies very little between the different countries. Multifaceted criminal activity in Nigeria has been threatening both corporate survival and sustainable development initiatives (Tanimu, 2006).
The National Alliance on Mental Illness (NAMI) defined bipolar disorder as a mental illness that
causes dramatic shifts in a person’s mood, energy, and ability to think clearly (National Alliance on Mental Health, 2017). The characteristics of this disorder include experiencing emotional highs and lows referred to as mania and depression. Mania is usually defined as an extreme elevation in mood. However, it is usually not a positive experience. While someone’s mood may be elevated while they are experiencing mania, this can present itself in many ways.
These patients are usually experiencing high levels of energy and can be fidgety, along with having difficulty sleeping. The other major component of bipolar disorder is depressive episodes. Extreme lows, trouble getting out of bed, trouble sleeping, overwhelm, lostness and suicidal thoughts are the hallmarks of these episodes.
Bipolar disorder is identified by abnormalities associated with mood, including depressive and manic episodes. A mental condition that causes extreme highs and lows in mood as well as shifts in sleep, energy, thinking, and behavior is bipolar disorder, formerly known as manic depression (Kessing et al., 2021). It is imperative to recognize the occurrence of different episodes among patients with bipolar disorder. In general, those with the condition experience alterations of mania followed by depression. According to NAMI, the number of manic episodes that occur during a lifetime varies from person to person along with the symptoms that are presented (National Alliance on Mental Health, 2017).
READ ALSO: THE IMPACT OF INSOMNIA ON ADULT MENTAL HEALTH
As for depressive episodes, these experiences can be extremely debilitating, and proper care is essential for addressing this concern (National Alliance on Mental Health, 2017). In addition to NAMI, organizations such as the American Nurses Association (ANA) discuss this concept. Identifying for periods of mania accompanied by depression lead to reduced error in diagnosis and treatment (Handrup, 2020). Due to the complexity of bipolar disorder as well as the numerous mental disorders that overlap each other, careful attention must be put in place when distinguishing manifestations of either episode.
One of the factors that can correlate with crime is psychological health status, which refers to a state of wellbeing in which a person can use his or her own abilities and cope with the normal stresses of life. It is a measure of mental health which is described as a state of well-being in which the individual realizes his or her own abilities, can cope with the normal stresses of life, can work productively and fruitfully, and is able to make a contribution to his or her community (World Health Organization, 2005). This follows that Psychological Health is not just the absence of mental illness (Bos, Snippe, de Jonge, &Jeronimus, 2016).
Psychological conditions that impact emotions and behaviors are known as mood disorders. Bipolar disorders (BDs) are prevalent among mood disorders, accounting for 7% of disability-adjusted life years (DALY) caused by mental diseases (Whiteford, 2013) and representing a high disease burden (Husain et al. 2017). Bipolar disorder has been linked to a number of adverse health consequences, such that an increased risk of suicide and other causes of early death, victimization, homelessness, and repeat offending (Baillargeon, Binswanger, Williams & Murray, 2009).
Psychologists sometimes use the term psychological health interchangeably with mental well-being (Josefsson, Cloninger, Hintsanen, Jokela, Pulkki-Råback, & Keltikangas-Järvinen, 2011), subjective well-being or happiness (Lucas &Diener, 2008; Rosenthal & Hooley, 2010), Psychological well-being or Eudaimonia (Cloninger & Zohar 2011; Wood, Joseph, & Maltby, 2011) mental hygiene‖ (Barenbaum & Winter, 2008) and psychological wealth‖ (Diener & Biswas-Diener, 2008)
In using these terms, some of these scholars argue that psychological health or whatever term that is used to reference it, cannot be considered separately, and in order to have a better understanding of psychological health, its major components such as physical, mental, and spiritual well-being should be considered together (Cloninger & Zohar, 2011).
Individuals with bipolar disorder may experience extreme happiness and energy spikes interspersed by depressing and lethargic spells. They typically have consistent moods in between such times. It is named “bipolar” condition because you can think of the highs and lows as two “poles” of emotion. Irritability and rash or impulsive decision-making are other symptoms of manic depression. In addition to delusions (thinking things are true and cannot be disproved) and hallucinations (seeing or hearing things that are not there), about half of those experiencing mania may also have these symptoms. The majority of bipolar disorder sufferers experience depressive symptoms more frequently than manic or hypomanic ones (Zilpah, 2024).
Ten to twenty percent of people with bipolar disorder commit themselves, usually during a depressed or mixed episode. Almost thirty percent of patients acknowledge having attempted suicide at least once. Bipolar disorder typically manifests in people between the ages of 17 and 20, however therapy is sometimes delayed for up to ten years after start. The genetic component is more strongly associated with earlier onset, however the specifics of inheritance and the genes involved are still understood. Given the intricacy of bipolar disease and its uncertain natural history, research into potential therapy approaches is challenging. This study is intends to investigate how bipolar disorder influence crimes in Portharcourt Local Government Area of Rivers State.