CAREER CHOICE AND STUDENTS ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT IN SECONDARY SCHOOLS
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CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
Background of the Study
Career selection is one of the many important choices students will make in determining future plans. This decision will impact them throughout their lives. Brown (2012) describes the process of choosing a career as one of estimating one’s ability and values, estimating the skills and abilities required for success in a given occupation, and estimating the work values that will be satisfied by the various occupational alternatives available. The essence of who the student is will revolve around what the student wants to do with their life-long work (Borchert, 2012). Parents, teachers, the society and the government as a whole recognize the need for proper career guidance and development.
Ferry (2013) reports that career choices are pivotal points in adolescents’ lives. So no matter if they are headed for work or for college, there are factors that affect their career decisions. Moreover, career development, for most people, is a lifelong process of engaging the work world through choosing among employment opportunities made available to them (Jibrin, et al., 2022).
Undeniably, each individual undertaking the process is influenced by many factors, including the context in which they live, their personal aptitudes, and educational attainment (Bandura, Barbaranelli, Caprara, & Pastorelli, 2001).
In addition, Muraguri, (2011) states that an individual’s choice of career is likely to be influenced by several factors including personal and cultural values, family background, career expectations and career guidance. Some also make career decisions by taking the path of least resistance—for example, following a career path advocated by their parents or following in the footsteps of an elder sibling (Carlos, 2009).
However, in his study of career choice of Nigerian youths, Salami (1999) found that many youths made wrong career choices due to ignorance, inexperience, peer pressure, advice from friends, parents and teachers, or as a result of prestige attached to certain jobs without adequate vocational guidance and career counseling. Therefore, the concept of career development involves the person’s creation of a career pattern, decision-making style, integration of life roles, values expression, and life-roles self-concepts (Herr, Cramer, & Niles, 2004).
Statement of the Problem
When considering the educational stage at which choice is to be made, secondary school is the best option. This is because most of these students choose jobs without relating them to their interest, satisfaction and capacity to cope with the nature of the job.
The problem of inferiority complex, personal confidence, self-motivation and inter-personal relationship lead to building of fellow students, this at times leads to truancy in the school. Also some students do not have self confidence in terms of keeping themselves and do not want help from other people. It was against this background that the researcher was interested to investigate the influence of career choice on students’ academic performance in secondary schools in Etinan Local Government Area.
Purpose of the Study
The main purpose of this study is to examine career choice and students’ academic achievement in secondary schools in Etinan Local Government Area.
Specifically, this study intends:
- To ascertain the impact of parental factor on the choice of career and students academic performance in secondary schools.
- To ascertain the impact of peer influences on the choice of career and students academic performance in secondary schools.
- To ascertain the impact of role model on the choice of career and students academic performance in secondary schools.
Significance of the Study
The study would be significant in the following ways:
- Firstly, the findings of this study is expected to help the curriculum developers to design educational programmes that would be used in teaching specific aptitude and skills required by students to be able to implement their vocational aspiration.
- Secondly, the study will be of great benefit to secondary school students in acquiring skills and attitude necessary to develop educational goals which are suited to their needs, interest and abilities.
- Also, to the teachers in secondary schools in providing necessary supports, guide and counseling pertaining to students’ choice of career.
- In addition, to parents so they could look inward at the children’ aptitude, interest and aspirations and not force the youths on a particular vocation.
- To scholars, governments, researchers and the general public who intend to broaden the search on the impacts of vocational guidance on career choice
Research Questions
The following research were raised to guide the study
- To what extent does parental factor on career choice impact on students’ academic performance in secondary schools
- To what extent does peer influence on career choice affects on students’ academic performance in secondary schools
- To what extent does role model on career choice influence students’ academic performance in secondary schools
Research Hypotheses
Three null hypotheses (H0) were formulated by the researcher for testing:
- There is no significant relationship between parental factor and choice of career of secondary school student in Etinan Local Government Area
- There is no significant relationship between peer influence and choice of career of secondary school students in Etinan Local Government Area
- There is no significant relationship between role model and choice of career of secondary school students in Etinan Local Government Area
Definition of Terms
Counseling: An intervention is an orchestrated attempt by one or many people – usually family and friends – to get someone to seek professional help with an addiction or some kind of traumatic event or crisis, or other serious problem
Career: In brief, a career is an individual’s journey through learning, work and other aspects of life. There are a number of ways to define a career and the term is used in a variety of ways.
Guidance: Help and advice about how to do something or about how to deal with problems connected with your work, education, or personal relationship.
Guidance Counsellors: In brief, a school counselor is a counselor and an educator who works in primary (elementary and middle) schools and/or secondary schools to provide academic, career, college access/affordability/admission, and social-emotional competencies to all students through a school counseling program.
Adolescents: To grow up which is a transitional stage of physical and psychological development that generally occurs during the period from puberty to adulthood.
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