DEPTH TO AQUIFER DETERMINATION USING ELECTRICAL RESISTIVITY METHOD WITHIN GWANDU FORMATION NORTH-WESTERN NIGERIA
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Abstract
This study on depth to aquifer determination using electrical resistivity method was carried out in Gwandu Local Government Area in Kebbi State to determine the depth of aquifer present in Gwandu formation. The choice of using ERM in the field sexperiment was to explore the depth of groundwater bearing formations, estimation of depth to the water table, thickness and lateral extent of aquifers, depth to bed rock, delineation of weathered zone, structures and stratigraphic conditions. Electrical Resistivity Method (ERM) is one of geophysical tool that offer very attractive technique for subsurface profile characterization in larger area. Applicable alternative technique in groundwater exploration such as ERM which complement with existing conventional method may produce comprehensive and convincing output thus effective in terms of cost, time, data coverage and sustainable. ERM has been applied by various applications in groundwater exploration. Over the years, conventional method such as excavation and test boring are the tools used to obtain information of earth layer especially during site investigation. This study was carried out to expose the application of ERM in groundwater exploration in Gwandu Formation.
TABLE OF CONTENT
Title page……………………………………………………………………………………….
Approval page…………………………………………………………………………………
Dedication………………………………………………………………………………………
Acknowledgment…………………………………………………………………………….
Abstract………………………………………………………………………………………….
Table of Content……………………………………………………………………………..
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of study………………………………………………………….
1.2 Statement of Problem…………………………………………………………
1.3 Aims/Objectives of study……………………………………………………….
1.4 Statement of Hypotheses
1.5 Significance of study
1.6 Scope of the study
1.7 History of Gwandu Formation
1.8 Definition of terms
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Concept of an Aquifer
2.2 Types of Aquifer
2.2.1 Unconfined Aquifer
2.2.2 Confined Aquifer
2.2.3 Perched Aquifer
2.2.4 Aquifer Properties and their Characteristics
2.3 Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES)
2.4 The 2-D Electrical Resistivity Tomography
2.5 Direct Current (DC) resistivity method
2.6 Geophysical Methods of Ground Water Investigations
2.7 Types of Rocks
2.7.1 Basement Complex
2.8 Resistivity Theory
2.9 Groundwater Exploration using ERM
CHAPETR THREE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1 Location and Geology of the Study Area
3.2 Instrumentation
3.3 Materials and Methods
CHAPTER FOUR
DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION
4.1 Results
4.2 Discussion
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION
5.1 Summary
5.3 Conclusion
References
Appendix
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