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EFFECT OF CHILD TRAFFICKING ON ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF PUPILS IN PUBLIC PRIMARY SCHOOLS

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Abstract

CHAPTER ONE: INTODUCTION

1.1     Background to the Study                                                     

1.2     Statement of the Problem                                                   

1.3     Objectives of the Study                                                       

1.4     Research Questions                                                            

1.5     Research Hypotheses                                                         

1.6     Significance of the Study                                                     

1.7     Scope of the Study                                                             

1.8     Definition of Terms                                                             

CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1     Conceptual Framework                                                       

2.1.1   The Concept of Child trafficking and Neglect                        

2.1.2   Types of Child trafficking                                                    

2.1.3   Effects/Implication of Child trafficking on Child Development

2.1.4   Legislations against Child trafficking and Neglect in Nigeria  

2.1.5   The Concept of Academic Performance/Achievements          

2.1.6   Factors affecting Academic Performance                              

2.2     Theoretical Framework                                                       

2.2.1   Weiner’s Model of Attributions                                             

2.3     Empirical Studies                                                                

2.4     Summary                                                                           

CHAPTER THREE: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

3.1     Area of Study                                                                               

3.2     Research Design                                                                

3.3     Population of the Study                                                      

3.4     Sample Size Determination/Sampling Technique                 

3.5     Kinds and Sources of Data                                                  

3.6     Methods of Data Collection                                                           

3.7     Validity of Instruments                                                       

3.8     Method of Data Analysis                                                     

CHAPTER FOUR: DATA PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION

  • Introduction                                         
    • Data Presentation, Analysis and Interpretations                            
    • Discussion of Findings                                                         
    • Summary of Findings
    • CHAPTER FIVE: SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND

RECOMMENDATIONS

5.1.    Introduction                                                                       

5.2     Summary                                                                           

5.3.    Conclusion                                                                         

5.4.    Recommendations                                                              

5.5.    Limitations of the Study                                                      

5.6.    Suggestions for Further Studies                                           

References

Appendices                                                                        

ABSTRACT

This research investigates the effects of child trafficking on academic performance of primary school pupils’ in Odeda Local Government Area of Abeokuta metropolis. The study uses the survey design and the population of the study was the 195 public primary schools identified in Odeda Local Government Area. However the research selected 20 out of them for a closer study through the simple random sampling technique. Primary data was collected through the use of questionnaire, presented and analyzed by means of simple percentages. A cut-off mean of 2 points was the bench mark for answering research questions and hypotheses were tested using the one-sample t-test. The research revealed that; child trafficking has significant effects on both pupils’ assessment grades and their participation in class activities; and thus concludes that child trafficking has significant effects on pupils’ academic performance in primary school. It was recommended that; child trafficking and it effects should receive attention in education policy forums; and that parents should always relate to their children with love and affection and provide for their needs; teaching profession should be professionalized to ensure that there is no one teaching as a second best option, this would ensure that people in this profession really see it as their contribution to society’s development; and penalty for teachers’ who commit sexual abuse with their students should be severe enough to deter other perpetrators.

CHAPTER ONE:

INTRODUCTION

1.1     Background to the Study

Nigeria, the most populous black nation in the world with an estimated population of about 140 million people (2006, Census), is endowed with abundant human and natural resources like oil, tin, limestone, zinc, natural gas, good vegetation and climate which varies from being equatorial in the South, tropical in the centre and arid in the north. This great country, 3rd world largest producer of crude oil has about 5.3% annual growth rate but it is estimated that 70% of Nigerians live in poverty (Tola, 2008). The above features are legacies of decades prolonged military rules coupled with mis-management and corruption, which have daily impoverished the people and made them “beggars” of a sort amdist plenty. This act of misrule has increased anti-social behaviour amongst the populace. Sadly, the quest for material wealth at all cost has introduced a new dimension of wealth creation into the psyche of Nigerians-which is child trafficking. Child trafficking is the third largest criminal activity in the world after arms and drug trafficking (Tola, 2008). In the last decade, the phenomenon of child trafficking has considerably increased throughout the world and most especially in Nigeria. 

Every year, million of individuals, mostly children are misled by decot or forced to submit to servitude. The UN Convention Against Transnational Organized Crime (2000) defined child trafficking as follows: “the recruitment, transportation, transfer, harbouring or receipt of persons, by means of threat or use of force or other forms of coercion, abduction, fraud, deception, of abuse of power, giving or receiving of payments or benefits to achieve the consent of a person having control over another person for the purpose of exploitation” “exploitation shall include at a minimum, the exploitation of the prostitution of others or other forms of sexual exploitation, forced labour or services, slavery or practices similar or slavery, servitude or the removal of organs”.

ANPPCAN (2010) sees child trafficking as the recruitment, transportation, transfer, harbouring or receipt of children by means of threat or use of force or other forms of coercion, abduction, fraud, deception, abuse of power a position of vulnerability or the giving or receiving of payments, benefits to achieve the consent of a person having control over the child for the purpose of exploitation. Research evidence shows that children are trafficked for the purpose of domestic services, prostitution and other forms of exploitative labour (UNICEF, 2007). These has been a serious concern about the cause of child trafficking in African as a whole and Nigeria as a country in particular.

UNICEF (2007) has identified poverty, large family size, rapid urbanization among others as the major factor why many Nigeria children are vulnerable to trafficking. Parent with large family are often prone to those traffickers deceit in giving away some of their children to city residents or even strangers promising a better life for them. Trafficking deprives child victims the privilege to exercise their wide range of rights, including the right to belong and identify, the right to freedom, education among others. ANPPCAN (2010). As a result of this, the study on the causes, effects, and remedies of child trafficking in Nigeria is worth pursing. It is hoped that the findings of this study will provide meaningful information as to the stoppage of the act in Nigeria and Africa as a whole.

1.2     Statement of the problem

Children living in rural areas in Nigeria often lack access to quality education, good health and other basic needs which make their parents to entrust them in the hands of other family members who are financially upright to help them train their children.

It is impossible to ever reach a consensus on the true scale of the problem but, regardless of the figures, what matters is that human trafficking is big and getting bigger. What matters is that every numbers represents a human life destroyed. it is happening on every continent and in almost every country: whether the place we live is a source, destination or transit point for trafficking, none of us can claim to be wholly unaffected by this crime. One of the biggest impediments to anti-trafficking efforts is a lack of understanding of the issue. Trafficking, and consequently, the measures taken to combat it, is often entangled with people smuggling, immigration and asylum, prostitution and other forms of organized crime. It must be emphasized that the essence of trafficking is the forced exploitation of individuals by those in the position to exert power over them.

1.3     Objectives of the Study

The broad objective of the study is to investigate the effect of child trafficking on academic performance of primary school pupil in Odeda Local Government Area.

Specifically, the study seeks to investigate;

  1. The effect of child trafficking on primary school pupils’ assessments grades and academic performance.
  2. The effect of child trafficking on primary school pupils’ participation in the class and academic performance.

1.4     Research Questions

In order to achieve the objectives the following questions are hereby posed;

  1. What is the extent of the effect of child trafficking on primary school pupils’ assessments grades and academic performance?
  2. What is the extent of the effect of child trafficking on primary school pupils’ participation in the class and academic performance?

1.5     Research Hypotheses

In furtherance of the objectives the following hypotheses are hereby projected;

HO 1:  Child trafficking has no significant effect on pupils’ assessments grades and academic performance.

HO 2:  Child trafficking has no significant effect on pupils’ participation in the class and academic performance.

1.6     Significance of the Study

This study will be of great importance, as it will provide necessary information on the causes, effect and remedies to child trafficking in Nigeria. It will also provide further research in combating trafficking in Nigeria. The study will also be useful for further researches into child trafficking within and outside the country. Thus enhancing step to preventing human trafficking and prosecuting the traffickers is therefore to recognize the complexity of the crime which cannot be tackled in a vacuum. Anti-trafficking strategies have to be embedded in every policy area, from improving female education. In source countries so that girls are less vulnerable to trafficking to increasing police pay in destination countries so that officers are less susceptible to bribery.

We cannot allow ourselves to marginalize the issue of trafficking, viewing it as something that can be ended with a few extra task forces or dedicated units. We need everyone to be aware of how it affects them, and what they can do stop it. Laudable efforts in this direction should be made. No doubt that in 2000, the United Nations Launched the protocol to prevent, suppress and punish trafficking in persons, which establish a victim-centred approach to trafficking, which has since been signed by 177 countries including Nigeria.

1.7     Scope of the Study

The study will be restricted to the causes, effects of child trafficking in Nigeria. Solution to the problems of child trafficking will also be sought in the cause of this research.

This research focuses on the causes, effects and remedies of child trafficking in Nigeria but due to finance, time and other factors, the study will be limited to Abeokuta Metropolis particularly in Odeda Local Government.

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