EMPLOYEE’S PARTICIPATION IN DECISION MAKING AND ORGANIZATIONAL PRODUCTIVITY
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ABSTRACT
The major objective of this study is to test the influence of employee’s participation in decision making and organizational productivity, and to explore the relationship between employee involvement in decision making and problem solving and perceived organizational performance. The data generated were statistically analyzed using descriptive analysis. The results revealed that the degree of employee participation in decision-making is very low and only senior managers (department managers) have access or rights to participate in the decision-making process. However, those who do not have opportunities to influence decisions made at the workplace manifest a great desire to participate in the decision-making process, and for a considerable number, this tends to be concerned with decisions daily affecting their own job. It was noted that the main obstacles to the participative process within the public sector are: a lack of interest, a lack of initiative and support to the participation process from employers, an authoritarian approach via centralization system of authority and control, managers especially general directors who are unwilling to share decision-making power with employees, manager’s enterprise hesitates to accept employees as valuable partners in making decisions, and inadequate understanding of employees concerning their new roles in management of their enterprises.
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the study
Employee participation in decision making has been accepted as a managerial tool for improving organizational performance by striving for the shared goals of employees and organization. This is actualized by way of allowing workers’ input in developing the mission statement, establishing policies and procedures, pay determination, promotion, and determining perks. Employee participation in decision making has become a significant topic in human resource management (HRM), and is regarded as one of the chief ingredients of employee voice, which many management scholars have observed to be a growing management concept (UK Essays,2013).
Decision according to the oxford advance learner is the action of deciding a conclusion reached and a judgment arrived at. Therefore decision-making is the most germane activities of management of multifarious organization ranging from small-scale organization to multinational corporations.
Today’s business enterprise and organization is rapidly changed with increasing turbulence and uncertainty. Such external circumstances do not allow reliable prediction of the future and creating long-term plans. Companies are under pressure to seek new strategies and to make quick decisions to overcome the changes. As the rate of change increases, so does the need for fast and immediate response, which implies higher organizational flexibility. Such conditions increase the importance of the involvement of talented employees and their input into the management process. Employees, who possess knowledge, skills and abilities, gain wider strategic importance. Involving employees in decision -making and problem solving, primarily is due to the need of the organization to develop cross-functional relationships and exploiting the total potential of employees. Decision-making styles throughout organizations are changing because the task, the environment and the people have changed. We are no longer marching troops into battle; we do not want blind obedience. Competitive advantages is now the result of employee making decision thinking being creative and asking questions.
When most managers are honest, they will acknowledge that their employee often have greater knowledge about the work than they do. Clearly, effectiveness can only be achieved with their total involvement management at time, see decision to the heart of their job in that, they must always choose what is to be done who will do it where and most at time now it will be done.
It is based on the above that the research wishes to assess the impact of employee participation in decision making and also on organization productivity in Nigeria public sector organization
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEMS
In Nigeria today, there has been lot of controversy as to whether an employee should participate in managerial decision-making or not. Many writers argued that employees should contribute in making decision especially where it affects them or their job. It is expected that such participation will serve as training and testing ground for future members of upper management. The authors maintained that qualified reasonably honest and company oriented individual are not available at these lower organizational level but the big question is are qualified individuals really available? These underlay the need for an investigation study.
1.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
The purpose of this research study is to assess the impact of employee’s participation in decision making and organizational productivity
The researcher intend to arrive at the following sub objectives;
- i) To assess the impact of employee participation in management decision and organizational productivity
- ii) To investigate the impact of employee participation in decision making on productivity of the organization
iii) To verify if employee’s opinions are made use of after being collected.
- iv) To determine if participative management is considered a major factor for productivity by management.
- v) To determine the problems encountered in the practice of participative decision making.
1.4 RESEARCH HYPOTHESES
In an effort to accomplishing this research work effectively and perfectly the researcher present the following null and alternate
Ho: Participative decision making does not involve participation at all levels of management.
H1: Participative decision making involves participation at all levels of management.
Ho: Productivity is not independent of employee’s participation in decision making.
H2: Productivity is independent of employee’s participation in decision making
1.5 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
In all aspect this research work will be relevant to managers and employees of various organizations. It will also be beneficial to other public sector organization in Nigeria. Also it will be of vital importance to government, academically potential and future researcher on the issue of employee participation in decision making. It is expected that this study will be beneficial to the management by giving enough insight into the benefits of employee participation in decision making, make clear to managers what participative management stands for hence, reducing the fear often harbored by these managers. Workers, students of business Administration and the society at large are equally the potential beneficiaries of this study. It is equally my hope that the study would provide a basis on which further research could be carried out
1.6 SCOPE AND LIMITATION OF THE STUDY
Particularly this research work focuses on the impact of employee participation in decision making and organizational productivity. In the cause of the study, the researcher encounters some limitations which limited the scope of the study;
Staff Reluctance: In most cases the staff of the used study often feels reluctance over providing required information required by the researcher. This result in finding information where the structured questionnaires could not point out.
Researcher’s Commitment: The researcher, being of full time student spent most of her time on other academic activities such as test, class work, assignment, examination etc which takes average focus from this study.
Inadequate Materials: Scarcity of material is also another hindrance. The researcher finds it difficult to long hands in several required material which could contribute immensely to the success of this research work.
1.7 DEFINITION OF TERMS
Decision making: This selection from among alternative of a course of action.
Productivity: A measure of how well resource are brought together in organization and utilized for accomplishing a set result.
Management: These is made up of top and middle level management. Top management includes shareholder boards of directors and managing director while the middle management includes heads of department manager deputy and assistant deputy.
Employee participation: Employee participation and empowerment can be achieved in a small business context. To empower employees, management must transfer some decision-making authority this shows employees that management has faith in them. Participation may be encouraged through a variety of means; the result is greater employee involvement in certain aspects of your business and greater organizational efficiency.
Employee: employee can be defined as a person employed for wages or salary, especially at non-executive level, or one employed by another usually for wages or salary and in a position below the executive level
Organization: An organization or organisation is an entity comprising multiple people, such as an institution or an association, that has a collective goal and is linked to an external environment.
1.8 ORGANIZATION OF THE STUDY
This research work is organized in five chapters, for easy understanding, as follows Chapter one is concern with the introduction, which consist of the (overview, of the study), statement of problem, objectives of the study, research question, significance or the study, research methodology, definition of terms and historical background of the study. Chapter two highlight the theoretical framework on which the study is based, thus the review of related literature. Chapter three deals on the research design and methodology adopted in the study. Chapter four concentrate on the data collection and analysis and presentation of finding. Chapter five gives summary, conclusion, and recommendations made of the study.
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