FABRICATION AND PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF A SINGLE WHEEL DRIVEN BOOM SPRAYER
DEVELOPMENT, FABRICATION AND PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF A SINGLE WHEEL DRIVEN BOOM SPRAYER
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ABSTRACT
The single wheel driven boom sprayer was developed, fabricated and evaluated for its performance at the department of Agricultural and Bio-environmental engineering workshop, Kwara state polytechnic, Ilorin. The spraying performance was carried out at spraying height of 0.5m, 0.6m and 0.7m respectively. The theoretical field capacity CT, the effective field capacity CE and Field efficiency (ŋ) at spraying height of 0.5m are 0.285ha/hr , 0.165ha/hr and 58%, while at spraying height 0.6m, are 0.273ha/hr, 0.158ha/hr and 57.81% and at spraying height 0.7m are 0.269ha/hr, 0.155ha/hr and 58.055% respectively.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title page i
Certification ii
Dedication iii
Acknowledgements iv Abstract v
Table of content vi-viii
List of Tables ix
List of Plates x
CHAPTER ONE
1 Introduction 1
1.2 Statement of the problem 2
1.3 Objective of the project 2
1.4 Justification of the project 3
CHAPTER TWO
2 Literature review 4 2.1 Spraying operation 4 2.1.1 Spray materials 5 2.1.2 Classification of sprayers 6 2.2 Types of sprayer 9 2.3 Sprayer differences 10 2.3.1 Types of hydraulic sprayers 10 2.3.2 Types of low volume sprayers 12 2.4 Calibration and operation 13 2.5 Spraying technique 14 2.6 Factors affecting spraying 15 2.7 Spraying machinery 16 2.8 Types of pumps for spraying 20
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 Materials and methods 24 3.1 Factors to be considered in the selection 24 of materials
3.2 Design Considerations 24 3.3 Design and development of various 26
Components
3.3.1 Knapsack sprayer 26
3.3.2 The frame 26 3.3.3 Driving wheel 27 3.3.4 Crank mechanism 28 3.3.5 The boom 29
3.4 Specification of the single wheel driven boom sprayer 30
3.5 Description of the single wheel driven boom sprayer 31
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 Performance Evaluation 32 4.1 Experimental procedure 32 4.2 Results 32 4.2 Results and Discussions 37
CHAPTER FIVE
5.0 Conclusion and recommendation 38 5.1 Conclusion 38 5.2 Recommendation 38
References 39
LIST OF TABLES
TABLE TITLE PAGE
4.2.1 Spraying parameters at spraying height 0.5m 32
4.2.2 Spraying parameters at spraying height 0.6m 33
4.2.3 Spraying parameters at spraying height 0.7m 34
4.2.4 Average spraying data at spray height 0.5,0.6 35
and 0.7
LIST OF PLATES
PLATES TITLE PAGE
2.1 Hydraulic energy sprayers 6
2.2 Gasoline energy sprayers 7
2.3 Centrifugal energy sprayers 7
2.4 Roller pump 20
2.5 Diaphragm pump 21
2.6 Piston pump 22
2.7 Turbine pump 23
3.1 Knapsack sprayer 26
3.2 The Frame 27
3.3 The wheel 27
3.4 Maximum and minimum displacement of piston pump 29
CHAPTER ONE
- Introduction
Crop yield is reduced by mainly due to attack of pest, diseases and weeds. Chemical control is the popular method adopted for controlling most insects, weed and diseases. The chemical are applied either by spraying or dusting. Spraying is one of the most effective and efficient techniques for applying small volume of spray liquid to protect crops. In conventional methods, manually operated low and high volume hydraulic sprayer and power operated hydraulic sprayer with long boom, long lances or spray gun are used to carry fluid at different targets. In this method, the time and labor required is more. It is difficult to spray the pesticide uniformly and effectively throughout the crop by conventional method of spraying. Though this method gives good pest control, it consumes large volume of liquid per plant, great amount of labour and time are required. Also drip losses are more owing to concern towards protecting environment from pollution by excessive use of pesticide and to economies the spraying method, suitable alternative should be identified.
In Nigeria, diverse farm mechanization scenario as in country due to varied size of the farm holdings and socio economic disparities. Most farmers in Nigeria are small and marginal land holder. The spraying operation is done by knapsack sprayer which consumes more time and energy.
Tractor operated sprayers are difficult for adaptation by the farmer due to existing cropping patterns available for field size, field condition during the rainy season. To overcome these problem requirements for better adapting in the view of a single wheel driven boom sprayer is a better option due to its medium cost and small size implying maneuverability in the small land holding.
Single wheel driven boom sprayers can fulfill the mechanization gap to do spraying operation at the faster rate. This shows there is an urgent need to introduce mechanical sprayer in Nigeria farm. The single wheel driven boom sprayer should be small for easy maneuverability and less expensive for farmers as best source of spraying operation.
1.1 Statement of the problems The back mounted knapsack sprayer is associated with the following problems i. It consumes more time and labor during spraying operation ii. The output is low iii. The uniformity and efficiency is inadequate
1.2 Objectives of the Project
The main objective of the research is to design, develop and evaluate a boom for a Knapsack sprayer. The specific objectives for the research are:
- To design and fabricate a single wheel driven boom sprayer.
- To evaluate the performance of a single wheel driven boom sprayer.
1.3 Justifications of the Project
The justications of the project are basically:
- To control the growth of weeds not comporting with crop planted
- To reduce human labor for controlling weed in the field
- To improve the quality and quantity of the crop planted
To increase the income of the farmers.
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