FUNDING OF SECONDARY EDUCATION AND QUALITY AND QUANTITY CONTROL IN UYO LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA
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ABSTRACT
This study examined on the funding of secondary education and quality and quantity control in Uyo Local Government Area of Akwa Ibom State. To guide this study, four research questions were raised and four hypothesis were formulated. A sample size of 40 respondents were used for the study, this was obtained using simple random sampling technique. Description survey design was used for the research. The instrument adopted for collection of data was a questionnaire on funding of secondary education and quality and quantity control. The instrument was validated by experts and tested for reliability; a reliability coefficient of 0.78 was obtained. Data obtained during the research was analysed using chi-square statistic tool at 0.05 alpha level of significance. Finding showed that there is no significance influence of government funding in quality and quantity of students academic performance. Also, qualified teachers and good learning facilities has a significance influence on the quality of students academic performance. There is no significant relationship of secondary funding. Also there is a significant relationship between funding of secondary education and the enrolment rate of secondary school students in Uyo metropolis. Based on the findings, it was recommended that; the retraining of teachers should be made compulsory to improve upon the quality of education, and government funding and allocation should be made available for secondary school.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title page – – – – – – – – – i
Declaration – – – – – – – – – ii
Certification – – – – – – – – – iii
Dedication – – – – – – – – – iv
Acknowledgements – – – – – – – – v
Abstract – – – – – – – – – vi
Table of contents – – – – – – – – vii
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background to the Study – – – – – – 1
1.2 Statement of Problem – – – – – – 6
1.3 Objective of the Study – – – – – – 7
1.4 Research Questions – – – – – – – 7
1.5 Research Hypothesis – – – – – – 8
1.6 Significance of the Study – – – – – – 9
1.7 Limitation of the Study – – – – – – 10
1.8 Delimitation – – – – – – – – 10
1.9 Definition of Terms – – – – – – – 11
CHAPTER TWO
2.1 Theoretical Framework – – – – – – 13
2.2 Conceptual Review – – – – – – – 15
2.2.1 Government Funding of Secondary Education – – – 15
2.2.2 Government Funding of Secondary Education and provision
of qualified teachers and good learning – – – – 19
2.2.3 Education Funding and Academic Performance of
Secondary School Students – – – – – – 22
2.3 Empirical Review – – – – – – – 25
2.4 Summary of the Review – – – – – – 27
CHAPTER THREE: RESEARCH METHOD
3.1 Research Design – – – – – – – 29
3.2 Area of the Study – – – – – – – 30
3.3 Population of the Study – – – – – – 31
3.4 Sample and Sampling Technique – – – – – 31
3.5 Research Instrumentation – – – – – – 31
3.5.1 Scoring of Instrument – – – – – – 32
3.5.2 Reliability of Instrument – – – – – – 32
3.5.3 Validity of Instruments – – – – – – 33
3.5.4 Administration of Instrument – – – – – 33
3.6 Data Preparation – – – – – – – 33
CHAPTER FOUR: DATA ANALYSIS, RESULT AND DISCUSSION OF FINDING
4.1 General Description of Data – – – – – 34
4.2 Government Funding of Secondary Education – – – 35
4.3 Discussion of Finding – – – – – – 39
CHAPTER FIVE: SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
5.1 Summary of the Study – – – – – – 43
5.2 Conclusion – – – – – – – – 45
5.3 Recommendations – – – – – – – 45
5.4 Implication of the Study – – – – – – 46
5.5 Suggested for Further Research – – – – – 47
References
Appendix
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background to the Study
Education has been defined as all efforts, conscious and direct, incidental and indirect, made by a given society to accomplish certain objectives the are considered desirable in terms of the individuals own needs as well as the needs of the society where that education is based (fanfunwa,2oo3). At the outset ,it is important point the education goes beyond schooling, but schooling at all levels ,help to achieve the purpose of education (ogbuzor,2oo6) . The relationship between education and development is well established such that education is a key index of development education improves productivity, empowerment and health, but reduces negative features of life. Education opens the door for all citizens to participate in development activities and when citizens are denied education, they are exuded form the development process.
The importance of secondary education in education in educational system cannot be overemphasized. Apart from serving as the lineal between primary and tertiary education, it provides opportunity for a child to acquire additional knowledge, skill, and trait beyond the primary level . a major factor that necessitates the acquisition of secondary education in Nigeria is that the education being provided at the primary level is proving to be in sufficient for a child to acquire permanent literacy, commutative ,and numeracy expected form him/her at the end of the training (Chinelo,2011, Ige, 2011, Yusuf, 2009, Osho and Osho,2000). Secondary education is aged in Nigeria, having developed alongside western education, which was introduced by Christian missionaries in 1842 (Adesnia, 1977). Government’s attention to secondary education started some decades after the development of primary education, particularly when the need for outputs of primary schools became paramount.
Adesina (1977) reported that the first secondary school (CMS Grammar School, Bariga, Lagos) was established by church missionary society in 1859. The colonial government, for a very long time, did not complement the effort of the Christian missions in providing secondary education until 1909 when King’s College, Lagos was established as the first government’s owned secondary school. There were few secondary schools to provide secondary education for those that were then willing to acquire it.
Statistics indicates that the number of secondary schools increased from 161 in 1955 to 275 in 1956.
Secondary education in Nigeria aims at preparing an individual for; useful living within the society and higher education.
Secondary education plays an important role in the life of any individual, owing to this fact the government be it federal, state or local has been spending a huge sum of money on education of its citizens. money spent on secondary education for instance is regarded as an investment through which the country will be able to train people to become job holders or proceed to higher institution of learning. in a society where there are educated citizens, the educational knowledge acquired will be utilize to bring about meaningful development and also a change in life pattern for the betterment of the people. This is because education, throughout the world is regarded as an instrument of development and integration of individual into sound and effective citizenry.
In support of this, Okafor (1994) submits that the wealth and power of a nation depends on successful education of its citizens and the number of highly talented men and women within the national divergent education. Though the challenges facing secondary education is much, Onyeka (1999) observed among other challenges, attributes educational decadence in secondary schools to the negligence of obligations on the part of the students, teachers, and government. However, education in Nigeria is more of public enterprise that has witness government complete and dynamic intervention and active participation.
Education being an instrument of change in Nigeria has been a product of evolution through series of historical development. This brings in the national policy on education which was launched in 1977, it was launched towards self-actualization, individual and national efficiency and unity. The objectives of the policy were broadened to include free primary education among others, the policy also has been reviewed from time to time (Anyanwu 1999).
Succinctly put, the structural pattern of secondary under the current policy is organized into a 9-3-4 system (Ogbuzor 2006). The Obasambo led administration in 1999, launched the scheme of Universal Basic Education. The target of this scheme specifically were total eradication of illiteracy by the year 2010 and increased in adult literate rate from 57 percent to 70 percent consistent with the national policy on education and the relevant laws, (Anyanwu 1999). The Universal Basic Education scheme of the Federal Government of Nigeria aimed at removing distortions and inconsistencies in basic education delivery and reinforce the implementation of the national policy on education as well as to provide greater access to and ensure an uninterrupted access to nine years formal education by providing free compulsory “UBE” for every child of school age, reduce school dropout, and improve relevance, quality and efficiency (Obong, 2006).
Despite government effort geared towards the actualization of this policy, a good percentage of school age children still lack opportunity of enrolment because funding by government is insufficient.
According to Okoro (2009), the greatest challenges facing education is inadequate funding by Federal, State and Local Government. Statistics shows that Federal Government expenditure on education between 2000 and 2010 has been below 10 percent of overall expenditure. This adversely affected the quality-quantity control especially in secondary schools.
1.2 Statement of Problem
However, in Akwa Ibom State element of uncertainty have beclouded the sector in nominal and real terms. As noted by Eminue (2004:12) schools at all levels lacked teachers and basic infrastructures. The schools suffer from over-crowding poor sanitation, poor management and poor intersectional allocation other features are abandoned capital projects, inadequate funding, poor conditions of service. These most times have led to closure of schools and strikes in the state. The attendant and composite effects are poor quality of teaching and poor quality of product. This study found this to be the major problems facing the sector.
It is against these backdrop that this study was conducted to seek if government funding of secondary schools education will have effect on quality-quantity control as well as academic performances of students in secondary schools in Uyo Local Government Area in Akwa Ibom State.
1.3 Objective of the Study
Government funding of secondary education in terms of quality-quantity control in Uyo Local Government Area in Akwa Ibom State cannot be over-emphasized. Hence, this study was specifically conducted to:
- Assess government funding of secondary education on the quality and quantity of students academic performance in Akwa Ibom State.
- Examine factors confronting qualitative education in the state.
iii. Examine the level of educational funding on the academic performance of secondary schools students in Akwa Ibom State.
- Examine the effect of secondary education funding on the enrolment rate in Akwa Ibom State.
1.4 Research Questions
To guide this study, the following research questions were posed.
- How does government funding of secondary education influence on the quality and quantity of students academic performance in Akwa Ibom State?
- How does the provision of qualified teachers impact on the qualitative of secondary school education in Uyo Local Government Area of Akwa Ibom State?
iii. How does funding of secondary school education on students enrolment rate in Uyo Local Government Area of Akwa Ibom State.
1.5 Research Hypothesis
The following null hypotheses were formulated to guide the study:
- There is no significant influence of government funding of secondary education on the quality of students academic performance in Akwa Ibom State.
- There is a significant influence of the provision of qualified teachers and good learning facilities on qualitative secondary education in Uyo Local Government Area of Akwa Ibom State.
- There is no significant influence of secondary education funding on the enrolment rate of students in Uyo Local Government Area of Akwa Ibom State.
1.6 Significance of the Study
It is expected that the findings of this study would be beneficial to:
- Parents, teachers and stakeholders in the educational sector.
- Also be of great solution to some of the problems that have eaten deep into secondary education system in Uyo Local Government Area of Akwa Ibom State.
iii. Researchers who may be carrying out similar investigation would gain great knowledge and information.
- Government, by making them improve the quality of education in the society.
1.7 Limitation of the Study
This research is limited to “Funding of Secondary Education and Quality and quantity control”. A case study of Uyo Local Government Area of Akwa Ibom State.
1.8 Delimitation
The research is purposefully designed to investigate the funding of secondary education and quality and quality control and how it effect.
It is set out to gather resources in order to build strong fact on issues affecting funding of secondary education and quality and quantity control. This study is also focused on assessing the relevance of funding of secondary education and quality and quantity control to recommend solutions and also set measures required for an improve funding of secondary education and quality and quantity control in Uyo Local Government Area.
1.9 Definition of Terms
Government Funding of Secondary Education:
This refers to the financial and material contribution of the government in terms of the provision of infrastructures, teaching aids etc for the development of secondary education.
Students Academic Performance:
It is the process or manner by which students carryout their academic activities positively (successfully) or negatively (Unsuccessfully) in the school or out of school assessment.
Qualitative Infrastructure:
It is the functionality of equipments that have been put in place to enhance quality of educational service delivery.
Students Enrolment:
This could be seen as the rate at which students shows willingness and readiness to bed enrolled at an institution or a course in the university.
Quality Education System:
Is providing learning activities in the school that conform to the land down principles surrounding education programmes.
Quality Control:
It refers to maintaining of set standard in schools through inspection, supervision, testing and evaluating of instructional activities.
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