KNOWLEDGE ATTITUDE AND PERCEPTION ON ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE AMONG HOSTEL STUDENTS IN SHAWA LOAGE GWADA
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CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background to the Study
Environment means different things from different perspective to different people and professionals, it is a set of conditions and circumstances affecting people live. It involves individual actions, community efforts, and governmental policies that collectively contribute to the well-being of societies and the environment. Environmental hygiene is a multidimensional concept that encompasses various practices and measures aimed at maintaining a clean and healthy environment. As humans, we are interconnected with our environment(Igudia et al., 2019) .
Environmental hygiene covers all the practices of prevention and control measures used to improve the basic environment conditions affecting human health, Environment compass not only the natural surroundings but includes the air, water, plants, animals and man. In order to protect human health and the environment from potential environmental hazards of inappropriate waste disposal and pollution environmental hygiene measures must be taken. Environmental hygiene generally includes the provision of facilities and services for the safe disposal of waste, the maintenance of hygienic conditions and the prevention of diseases (WHO 2017). It involves various measures and actions to prevent the spread of diseases, minimize health risks, and create a safe and healthy environment(Yapici et al., 2017).
Perception, as it relates to environmental hygiene, involves individuals’ awareness, attitudes, and beliefs regarding cleanliness, sanitation, and hygiene practices. Students’ perceptions of environmental hygiene can influence their behavior and practices in maintaining a clean and healthy environment, Hygiene refers to conditions and practices that help to maintain health and prevent the spread of diseases (WHO 2020).
Environmental hygiene is a set of actions or a fundamental process of collecting and safely disposing all kinds of waste within the environment with the intention of protecting and promoting the individual health and quality of life of communities. Insensitivity and selfish behaviors towards nature for their own interests have caused environmental problems to become inextricable. Throughout the emergence of humanity and up to now, humans and the environment have always been intertwined and interacted (Chukwuma et al…2017).
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Maintaining a good hygiene is fundamental to the prevention and control of communicable diseases and maintaining good health. Many communicable diseases of public health importance, which affect Students of Tertiary institutions, are caused by poor hygiene. Despite awareness of Environmental Hygiene in Nigeria there is a need to know the factors influencing the practice among the students in tertiary institutions. Environmental Hygiene in school environments ranges from cleaning and disinfecting the room and the common areas (Hostel), proper disposal of waste, maintaining good ventilation, promoting personal hygiene and regulation of hostels population, hygiene are condition and practice that help maintain health and prevent spread of disease (WHO, 2020).
Hygiene can also be referred to as the science that deals with the promotion of health (Victoria State, Department of Health, 2015). The concept of environmental hygiene entails the control of water supplies, excreta disposal, waste water disposal, refuse disposal, vectors of diseases, housing conditions. According to World Health Organization (WHO 2020), Hygiene refers to conditions and practices that help to maintain health and prevent the spread of diseases, the concept also refers to the set of practices associated with the preservation of health and healthy living. Safe drinking-water, sanitation and hygiene are crucial to human health and well-being. (WHO, 2023). People stay healthy or become ill often as a result of their own actions or behavior some people actions or behaviors that can cause diseases are defecating anywhere on the open field, improper disposal of waste, poor drainage systems, overpopulation, not maintaining good ventilation (Leonard, 2014).
Humans impact the physical environment in many ways: overpopulation, pollution, burning fossil fuels, and deforestation. Changes like these have triggered climate change, soil erosion, poor air quality and undrinkable water(Raphael, 2018).
The sum of living and non-living things forms the environment. Living things are microorganisms, plants, humans and animals, and non-living things are the whole of water, soil, air, natural places, landforms, and human elements. The environment in the living habitat is also a living space where all vital events continue (Demİr, 2019).
Throughout the emergence of humanity and up to now, humans and the environment have always been intertwined and interacted. People have been affected by the environment, and the environment has been affected by people (Demİr, 2019).The lack of awareness in students about being sensitive to the environment has caused students to affect the environment and create environmental problems negatively, and the balance of nature has begun to be disrupted. Therefore, students should be given academic training on the subject of environmental hygiene (Demİr, 2019).
1.2 STATEMENT OF PROBLEMS
Environmental hygiene plays a crucial role in the overall well-being of individuals and communities, and understanding the factors that influence students hygiene practices in this regard is essential for promoting healthier and more sustainable environments.
Poor environmental hygiene can cause various environmental problems to both the student and the larger community, problems which range from Increased rate of gastrointestinal disease like cholera, typhoid fever ,dysentery and so on, proper hygiene and sanitation practices, such as hand washing, clean water sources, and safe food handling, are crucial in preventing these gastrointestinal diseases. Another problem is respiratory tract infections as a result of congested room it can trigger respiratory problems.
Repeated malaria episodes can be caused due to stagnant water and improper waste disposal, to reduce the incidence of repeated episodes of malaria, it’s essential to address environmental hygiene issues which make students to miss lectures due to illness
While the significance of maintaining a clean and sanitary environment is widely acknowledged, little is known about the perceptions held by students regarding hygiene, as well as the multifaceted factors that either facilitate or hinder their engagement in hygienic behavior.
This statement highlights the main focus of the research, which is to understand how students perceive environmental hygiene practices and what factors contribute to their engagement or lack of practice of environmental hygiene.
Environmental sanitation practices refer to residents’ involvement in provision, utilization, and maintenance of environmental sanitation facilities and services and adherence to environmental legislation (Daramola et al, 2015).
1.3 OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
1.3.1 GENERAL OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
The broad objective of the study is to investigate the Knowledge attitude and perception on environmental hygiene among hostel students in shawa loage Gwada.
1.3.2 SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
The specific objectives for this study are;
- To determine the perceptions of students towards environmental hygiene practice in some selected tertiary institutions in shawa loage Gwada.
- To identify factors that can influence environmental hygiene practices among students in some selected tertiary institutions in in shawa loage Gwada.
- To determine the association between socio demographic factors and perceptions on environmental hygiene practice among students in some selected tertiary institutions in in shawa loage Gwada.
1.4 RESEARCH QUESTIONS
- What are the perceptions of student toward environmental hygiene practice in selected tertiary institutions in shawa loage Gwada?
- What are the factors that can influence environmental hygiene practices among students in selected tertiary institutions in shawa loage Gwada?
- What are the association between socio demographic factors and perceptions on environmental hygiene practice among students in selected tertiary institutions in shawa loage Gwada?
1.5 RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS
- H0: There is no significant difference in the perception of environmental hygiene practices among students of different age groups in selected tertiary institutions in shawa loage Gwada.
H1: There is a significant difference in the perception of environmental hygiene practices among students of different age groups in selected tertiary institutions in shawa loage Gwada..
- H0: There is no significant difference in the level of education and its impact on environmental hygiene practices among students in selected tertiary institutions in shawa loage Gwada..
H1: There is a significant difference in the level of education and its impact on environmental hygiene practices among students in selected tertiary institutions in shawa loage Gwada.
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