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Occupational Stress And Its Impacts On Employee Performance

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Occupational stress, burnout and fatigue

 

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of Study

A more varied and inclusive work environment has emerged in recent years as a result of the opening up of various channels for simple access to resources such as finance, talent, technology, knowledge, and opportunities due to globalization. The growth of international trade as well as the Global trade has accelerated as a result of the digital revolution’s spread. Companies today seem to offer a variety of settings for employees to work in, including the comfort of their home or a cubicle at their workplace. As a result, there is now a clear distinction between working at home and working in an office. Companies have also implemented various work practices in accordance with this, and they are continually developing them in order to improve their entire working culture and environment, which is a crucial element in the retention and hiring of highly qualified employees. The idea of “working around the clock” has changed significantly as diverse firms adapt to and implement these changes in work hours and patterns. The workplace has changed through time to become more “outcome oriented” than “people oriented”. High-performing employees are now every organization’s key focus. In an effort to appear qualified for the job, employees are subjected to an increasing amount of stress at work, which can lead to a variety of health problems (Anu Jossy Joy, 2018). People have been encouraged to work above and above their pay grade because the company’s emphasis and the nature of the work require highly effective and efficient workers. Additionally, there is a lot of pressure on workers to stay current with the technology and developments that are necessary for their occupations. The employees have been forced to exert extra effort on their work, which has resulted in stress, namely occupational stress, due to the gap between the demand for a well-performing and efficient workforce and the restricted skills and capacities of the employees.

Stress is a physiological condition that affects how a person responds, adjusts, and deals with the situations, environment, and items that they are surrounded by. This factor has a sometimes favorable, but more often than not detrimental, impact on human existence, wellbeing, health, and behavior. Stress related to a person’s job is referred to as occupational stress or job stress. Job stress is described as “a condition in which employees are required to satisfy the duties that exceed the person’s ability, including the resources which are required to perform these duties and under working conditions where there is a significant difference between rewards and demands for fulfilling the duties” by (McGrath, 1987). Stress was acknowledged to be a substantial problem in many organizations by (Copper & Catwright, 1994). The expense of workplace stress seems to be on the higher side in many businesses nowadays. High employee dissatisfaction, job mobility, burnout, subpar work performance, and less effective interpersonal interactions at work are typical indicators of occupational stress, according to Rodrigue, Manshor, and Chong (2003). Stress has become a global problem that manifests itself in a variety of ways in every job. Employees are generally working longer hours in today’s workplace, as increased levels of responsibilities compel them to strain themselves even more struggling to fulfill escalating job performance requirements. University of Uyo Teaching Hospital. is experiencing an increase in workplace stress, making it extremely difficult to prevent and manage stress. The majority of software professionals are very adaptive and work in a constantly changing environment where technological innovations occur at an unheard-of pace. The majority of their work is project- and deadline-based. As a result, they work from their offices or remotely on average for roughly 12 hours a day to guarantee that the project’s objectives and criteria are met.

The study by (Latif, Sohail, Ashraf, & Shahid, 1998) underlines that because of the severe difficulty of their line of work and the high degree of technical abilities required, software developers are exposed to a number of stressors in the business.

Some of these stressors include workload, time constraints, demands, role ambiguity, skill variety, role conflict, strained workplace relationships, accountability to the organization, keeping up with new technological developments, job insecurity, and an unjust incentive system.

 

1.2 Statement of the Problem

According to the World Health Statistics 2022, a research for tracking health for sustainable development carried out by WHO, 40% of workers worldwide were impacted by physical and emotional weariness, which has resulted in a significant degree of workforce attrition. Most of the workforce who left their jobs did so because of severe stress and burnout (WHO, 2022).

Most organizations to attain higher productivity end up saddling employees with an overload of work to meet deadlines and this might have psychological and physical effects on the employees which may result in something contrary to what these organizations want to achieve. Although organizations are paying more attention than in the past to the consequences of the trauma their employees go through when they place extraordinary demands on them, there is still more room for improvement. Again, to generate enough revenue to be self-sustaining and to be able to fund the acquisition of modern equipment meant efficient service provision and optimal employment of resources. Stress is a physiological and psychological component that is felt through human emotions and responses and responds to the environment in various ways. Any type of workforce may be impacted at any given time. Employees are viewed as one of the most precious resources in any organization because of the enormous contribution they make to increase productivity across the board and aid in achieving the organization’s goals and objectives. The impact of workplace pressures on various personnel and organizational operational aspects can be both positive and detrimental. This has grown into a major worry that has to be handled appropriately and quickly. As a result, implementing appropriate procedures allowed for successful stress management. and The establishment of mechanisms has become crucial in any organization. Employees who are extremely stressed out cannot function efficiently or accomplish the organizational objectives. This will cause a negative feedback loop, which will cause the stress levels of the employees to continue to raise numerous reasons can lead to stress, which can have both good and bad effects on both employees and the business as a whole. Employees’ performance is mostly impacted by stress. Researchers found that Role Ambiguity, Workload, Salary and Rewards, Fear of Obsolescence, Role Ambiguity, Role erosion, Role Stagnation, Responsibility, Work relationship, and Career Development had a negative impact on employee performance in one of the numerous studies done in University of Uyo Teaching Hospital.to investigate the relationships between work stress and employee performance. 2018 (Sunanda), (2010) Bhatt & Pathak)

Contrarily, some of the studies that were conducted to show the relationship between occupational stress and employee performance show that the characteristics of occupational stress do not significantly affect the performance of the 4 employees. However, stress—whether it is positive or negative—has a stronger impact on the different work dimensions. Therefore, stress needs to be considered as a fundamental issue in order to encourage and maintain high-quality work.  Therefore, it is essential that various work-induced stress management strategies be incorporated into every organization’s operating framework. There are very few publications on the topic of occupational stress and worker performance. To my knowledge, a related study measuring occupational stress and its effects on employee job performance was conducted for bank personnel by (Pandey, 2020). The members of the employee community (Panthee and Samson, 2021). By examining occupational stress and its effects on employee, this study seeks to partially fill the vacuum left by earlier studies.

1.3 Objectives Of The Study

This study will give explanation to the impact of occupational stress on workers performance and how it can be managed.  The specific objectives are to:

  1. To investigate working environment stress toward job satisfaction.
  1. To identify how Inflexibility in occupational stress influence workers job satisfaction.
  2. To assess whether job stress limits job satisfaction due to Lack of financial rewards
  3. To identify how job stress limits the interactions of workers with colleagues to prompt Personal issues
  4. To look management system stress at specifications regarding job satisfaction.
  5. To offer suggestion, on the basis of the study results, ways and means for reduce occupational stress and improving Job satisfaction on the employee and more effective and efficient.
  • Research Questions

For the purpose of this research work, these are the questions:

  1. What are the causes of job stress in public organization case of University of Uyo Teaching Hospital?
  1. What are the effects of job stress on employees’ job satisfaction in University of Uyo Teaching Hospital?
  2. What could be the magnitude job stress on a public organization employees job

Satisfaction?

  1. What are the major to be taken to reduce occupational stress and improve job satisfaction?

 

 

1.6 Significance Of Study

The importance of this research work is in the following areas:

  1. It will enable the management of University of Uyo Teaching Hospital to know the implication of occupational stress on workers performance and how to recognize and control it.
  2. It will reveal the gains to be derived from having Medical Insurance Scheme.
  3. It will help to show that proper working conditions can help to control stress.
  4. It will reveal the need for proper staff canteen in organizations.
  5. The study will reveal if truly occupational stress can be managed effectively.

 

1.7 SCOPE OF THE STUDY

The study shall concentrate on the impact of occupational stress on workers performance.  The research will however limit its study to University of Uyo Teaching Hospital. The questionnaire shall be strictly limited to the staff of the company.

 

1.8DEFINITION OF TERMS

Distress:  This is dysfunctional for individuals and organizations.

Euro stress:  This is a positive type of stresses that energized or makes superior effort possible.

Performance:  It can be described as how well or badly an individual does his work.

Personality:  It is the distinctive patterns of behaviour including thoughts and emotions that characterize each individual’s adaptation to the situation of his or her own life.

Pressure:  The difficulties and feelings of anxiety that are caused by the need to achieve or behave in a particular way.

Productivity:  The measure of the efficiency of a given resource input such as labour or capital in producing a given output.

Stress:  It is a state of tension experienced by individuals facing extra-ordinary demands, constraints and opportunities.

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