RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN WORK RELATED STRESS AND JOB SATISFACTION AMONG SECONDARY SCHOOL TEACHERS

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN WORK RELATED STRESS AND JOB SATISFACTION AMONG SECONDARY SCHOOL TEACHERS

| Format: Ms Word | 1-5 Chapters | Table of Content|

 INSTANT PROJECT MATERIAL DOWNLOAD

Study Level: BTech, BSc, BEng, BA, HND, ND or NCE

Amount: ₦3,000.00

Account Details

 

ABSTRACT

 

The purpose of this study was to assess relationship between work- related stress and job satisfaction among secondary school teachers in North-West Zone, Nigeria. To achieve this purpose, the variables assessed in this study include physical environment, psychological, socio-economic, and health in relation to work- related stress and job satisfaction among public secondary school teachers. Ex-post facto research design was used for the study. A self-developed questionnaire with six statements on each of the variables investigated was vetted by the supervisors from the Department of Physical and Health Education. A pilot study was conducted to test the reliability of the instrument. The data collected were coded and analysed for reliability and internal consistency using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (IBM Version 23).Cronbach‟s Alpha was

 

.915, Spearman Brown Equal and Unequal Length was .781, and Guttman Split- Half test of .715 were used to further determine the validity and the reliability of the instrument. The instrument was then administered on six hundred and sixty five (665) teachers from twenty-eight (28) sampled public secondary schools from 14 Senatorial districts in North-West Zone, Nigeria through random sampling procedure while 613 were retrieved and used. The data collected were statistically analyzed thus: for the demographic variables, frequencies and percentage, mean and standard deviation, were used to analyze work related stress and job satisfaction among secondary school teachers in North West Zone, Nigeria. Pearson product moment correlation coefficient was used to test the formulated hypotheses 3,4,5,6. One simple t-test was used for sub-hypotheses 1& 2 to establish the significance of the expressed opinion on the investigated variables of stress and job satisfaction. All hypotheses were tested at 0.05 level of significance. The findings reveal that the teachers are highly stressed and this has affected their job satisfaction, On the findings, physical environment, psychological, Socio-economic and Health work-related stress are significantly correlated with teachers‟ job satisfaction in North West Zone. It was concluded that State ministries of education and the school management should improve on provision of facilities and equipment for conducive teaching and learning environment. It was further recommended that the Federal and State Ministries of Education should ensure immediate review and improvement of condition of services in terms of wages, incentives and develop a policy on stress management to guide the induction, operations and counselling of teachers at all levels in their day to day duties, to enhance teaching.

 

 

 

 

	TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title Page		i
Declaration		ii
Certification		iii
Acknowledgements		iv
Abstract		v
Table of Contents		vi
List of Tables		ix
Appendices		x
Abbreviations		xi
Operational Definition of Terms		xii
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION
1.1	Background of the Study	1
1.2	Statement of the Problem	5
1.3	Purpose of the Study	7
1.4	Research Questions	8
1.5	Significance of the Study	9
1.6	Basic Assumptions	9
1.7	Research Hypotheses	10
1.7,1	Major Hypotheses	10
1.7.2	Sub-Hypotheses	10
1.8	Delimitation of the Study	11

 

 

 

 

 

vi

 

 

CHAPTER TWO: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

 

2.1	Introduction	12
2.2	Concept of Stress	13
2.3	Concept of Job Satisfaction	17
2.4	Theoretical Framework	22
2.5	Physical Environment Work-Related Stress and Job Satisfaction	26
2.6	Psychological Work-Related Stress and Job Satisfaction	28
2.7	Socio-Economic Work-Related Stress and Job Satisfaction	33
2.8	Health Work-Related Stress and Job Satisfaction	37
2.9	Empirical Studies	42
2.10	Summary	52
CHAPTER THREE: METHODOLOGY
3.1	Introduction	55
3.2	Research Design	55
3.3	Population for the Study	55
3.4	Sample and Sampling Procedures	56
3.5	Instrumentation	58
3.6	Validity of the Instrument	58
3.7	Pilot Study	59
3.8	Procedure for Data Collection	60
3.9	Procedure for Data Analysis	61
CHAPTER FOUR: RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
4.1	Introduction	62
4.2	Results	62
4.3	Answering the Research Questions	64
	vii

 

 

4.4	Test of Hypotheses	71
4.5	Discussion	77

 

CHAPTER FIVE: SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

 

5.1	Summary	82
5.1.1	Summary of Major Findings	83
5.2	Conclusions	84
5.3	Limitations of the Study	84
5.4	Recommendations	85
5.5	Contribution to Knowledge	86
5.6	Suggestions for Further Studies	86
	References	87
	Appendices	98

 

 

CHAPTER ONE

 

INTRODUCTION

 

1.1         Background of the Study

 

The complexities of life, both private and public have made stress to be an inevitable health concern in humans. The individual at work is always faced with some form of painful experience which results in stress that could either be a damaging factor to the individual‟s health and productivity. The extent to which teachers are satisfied with their job and working conditions is likely to have significant consequences for the retention of teachers within the profession, for their approach to teaching, for the creation of collegial relations within a school, and for student outcomes (Crossman & Harris, 2006). A job may require too much or too little from a person. Almost any aspect of the job environment is capable of producing stress. Ceasar, Chinedu & Kuttickattu (2014), state that like all formal organisations, the school system has specific administrative tasks and functions to be performed by the teachers. In the field of management, Reglin and Reitzammer (2008) describe the functions of teachers as that of facilitating teaching and learning in the school system.

 

Stress is a common feature in our lives, especially as the pace of development increases with the ever-changing demands in human lives. Work is a common term which is applied for all sorts of occupation and it is a basic condition for most people and is an important component of the atmosphere for human survival (Ceasar, Chinedu & Kuttickattu, 2014). Stress as well as job satisfaction act as major elements in the development of the individual as well as the economy of the nation. Many adults spend half of their lives in work- related activities. It is natural to experience work-related

 

 

 

1

 

 

stress or tension or strain in the body or mind if there is no release or outlet for the pent-up feelings.

 

Secondary school teachers are those who work and teach students in the public or private secondary schools. They are teachers who work as counselors and conduct classes in academic subjects, provide skilled knowledge such as sport, drawing and sewing as well as guiding students to learn and get new knowledge. The Educational Management Information System (2010) reports that the number of secondary school teachers had been on the increase, as well as the number of students but the secondary school teachers are yet to fulfill the demands even though the statistics of teachers had increased in these few years.

 

The teaching profession has been categorized as an occupation at high risk for stress (Zindi, 2002). The Health and Safety Executive (2000), in the United Kingdom reports that teaching is the most stressful occupation, compared to other occupations. Child (2007) observes that the changes in education system causes stress which affects teachers‟ motivation. He emphasized that the introduction of so many innovations into school life, such as, more detailed and time-consuming methods of assessment, more administration and committee meetings within the school have all conspired to increase tension in teaching. Teachers stress is defined as an experience in teachers‟ behaviour which has unpleasant negative emotions; such as anger, frustration, anxiety, depression and nervousness, resulting from some aspect of their work as teachers (Kyriacou, 2001). The amount of research on teacher‟s stress has increased steadily and has now become a major research topic in many countries.

 

According to Chan, Chen and Chong (2010), workplace stress is the harmful physical and emotional responses that can happen when there is a conflict between job

 

2

 

 

demands on the employee and the amount of control an employee has over meeting these demand. In addition, work stress can be defined as the nonspecific response of the body to any demand made upon it. It is assumed to be an internal state or reaction to anything we consciously or unconsciously perceive as a threat, either real or imagined (Venkata & Lokanadha, 2014).

 

In addition, Robbins (2001) defines stress as a condition in which the individual is confronted with an opportunity, constraint, or demand related to what he or she desires and for which the outcome is perceived to be both uncertain and important. Stress can be experienced by environmental effect, organizational factors, and individual variables (Matteson & Ivancevich, 1999; Cook & Hunsaker, 2001). Occupational stress is concerned with working environment or their nature of work that causes each individual suffering stress (Rohany, 2003). Whereas, Leka, Griffiths & Cox (2004) refer to occupational stress as the response people may have when presented with work demands and pressures that are not matched to their knowledge and abilities and which challenge their ability to cope.

 

Venkata & Lokanadha (2014) opine that work stress occurs among secondary school teachers due to the fact that they cannot meet up with the ever-changing demands and rigours of changing curriculum in the school, personal and environmental problems. It is also one important factor that affects how they are committed with school and how this affects their performances and output in school. In the era of globalization, occupational stress among secondary school teachers can be as a widespread problem in the world. In the view of Chan, Chen & Chong (2010), the phenomenon of work stress in teaching field had been drawing adequate attention and increased contemplation by public.

 

1.2         The Statement of the Problem

 

Teaching is a unique job that brings about a positive change in the attitude of students and also assists them to acquire knowledge and skill. The desire to help extend education and skills shows teachers‟ commitment to educational objectives.

The progress of a nation is limited to its productive capacity, which in turn depends upon the calibre of its secondary education. The education system in general and the secondary education system in particular are instruments to develop the human capital as economic assets for wealth generation and also as social assets for improving the quality of the life of the people. The education system should provide scope for understanding several major socio-economic changes affecting the society that include global economic integration, national economic reforms, changing demographic pattern, increased school‟s enrolment, increased drop-out rate, social norms, increasing environmental consciousness, changing family finances, demands of labour market.

 

According to studies carried out in recent times, findings reveal that teachers in Nigerian schools are stressed and this has drastically reduced their level of performance and output (Adebola & Mukhtari, 2014). Studies carried out by Salami (2005) and Oyewumi, Ibitoye, & Sanni (2012) support the fact that there are work- related stress and job satisfaction among teachers. They further state that the teaching profession in Nigeria is replete with teachers who do not have job satisfaction. Furthermore, Salami, (2005) opines that many of the teachers are overloaded with work due to high ratio of pupils to teachers and lack of relevant working facilities. These teachers had been reported to be working in stressful environments with stressful equipment (such as using outdated textbooks, broken machines, teaching practical subjects without the basic equipment, tight schedules for meeting datelines, the ever-changing curriculum which put most of the teachers on their toes to cope or lose their jobs) (Adesoji, 2004; Salami, 2005, 2009). Moreover, a shrinking job market, and the downsizing of organizations also contribute to teachers‟ stress (Adesoji, 2004). Jarvis (2002) observes that teachers are highly stressed and that stress imparts greatly on teacher retention.

Teachers are often pressured at preparing daily and monthly lesson plan. Teaching in Nigeria, has become more challenging than ever due to transformation that Nigeria desires to be a fully developed nation in the nearest future. As a result, Nigerian teachers are facing work stress to fulfill the demand of training future skilled and talented students in order to be a fully developed nation by the year 2020.. Teaching jobs are structured in such a way that a worker is simultaneously exposed to both overload and acute time pressure. Generally, people under stress express their frustration through some common ways like excessive criticism of government, management and displaying inability to get along with others (Brown, 2012). At the same time, teachers are required to improve themselves in terms of creativity, innovations and critical thinking in order to cope with the advancement in the science and technology (Jaiyeoba & Jibril, 2008). The researcher has observed with dismay over the years that teachers are stressed and sometimes retire prematurely. The researcher is not really certain what is responsible for this. It is against this background that the researcher was prompted to find out if physical environment, psychological, socio-economic and health work related stress affects job satisfaction and to know the relationship between works- related stress and job satisfaction among secondary school teachers in North-west zone of Nigeria.

 

1.3         Purpose of the Study

 

The purpose of the study was to assess the relationship between work related stress and job satisfaction among secondary school teachers in North West zone of Nigeria. Specifically, the study sought to assess:

 

1. To determine if teachers in public secondary schools experience work related stress.

 

 

7

 

 

2. To find out if teachers in public secondary schools are satisfied with their job in North-West Zone of Nigeria.

 

3. To Investigate if physical environment of teachers is related to job satisfaction in secondary schools in North West zone of Nigeria.

 

4. To assess if psychological status of the teachers is related to job satisfaction in secondary schools in North West zone of Nigeria.

 

5. To determine if socio-economic status of the teachers is related to job satisfaction in secondary schools in North West zone of Nigeria.

 

6. To assess if health status of the teachers is related to job satisfaction in secondary schools in North West zone of Nigeria.

 

1.4         Research Questions

 

This investigation was conducted to answer the following research questions:

 

1. Do teachers of public secondary schools experience work related stress in North-West zone of Nigeria?

 

2. Does teachers of public secondary schools satisfied with their job in North West Zone of Nigeria?

 

3. Does physical environment of the teachers enhance job satisfaction in North West Zone of Nigeria?

 

4. Does work-related psychological stress of teachers relate to job satisfaction in North West zone of Nigeria?

 

5. Does socio-economic status of the teachers relate to job satisfaction in North West zone of Nigeria?

 

6. Does the health status of teachers relate to job satisfaction in North West Zone of Nigeria?

 

8

 

 

1.5         Significance of the Study

 

The study will be significant as follows;

 

1. Provision of a platform for the Ministry of Education, School Administrators to be conversant with the existence of work related stress among teachers and implement positive measures that will change conditions and behavior in secondary schools in North West Zone of Nigeria.

 

1. The study will assist Health educators to create awareness among teachers on work stressors and their management.

 

• It will encourage the government to promote effective motivation through increase of wages that will create job satisfaction for teachers which will enhance their performance and adequate service delivery.

 

1. The study will serve as a guide to education planners and health educators to find a way of minimizing the effect of these stressors for effective performance and

 

output of teachers in public secondary    schools in North West Zone of Nigeria.

 

1. This study will serve as reference for future researchers interested in stress and job satisfaction among secondary school teachers in other parts of Nigeria.

 

1.6         Basic Assumptions

 

This study was based on the following basic assumptions:

 

1. That teachers in public secondary school in North West Zone experience work related stress.

 

1. That teachers  in  public  secondary  schools  in  North  West  Zone  lack  job

 

satisfaction.

 

1. That Physical environment relates to job satisfaction to secondary school teachers

 

 

 

 

9

 

 

1. That Psychological status of the teachers relates to job satisfaction.

 

1. That socio economic status of the teachers relates to their job satisfaction.

 

1. That health status of the teachers relates to job satisfaction.

 

1.7         Research Hypotheses

 

On the basis of the research questions, one major hypotheses and six sub-hypotheses were formulated for the purpose of this study as follows;

 

1.8         Major Hypothesis

 

There is no significant relationship between work-related stress, physical environment, psychological, socio-economic and health status of secondary school teachers in North West Zone of Nigeria and job satisfaction.

 

1.9.1     Sub-Hypotheses

 

1. There is no significant work- related stress among secondary school teachers in North West Zone of Nigeria.

 

1. There is no significant job satisfaction among secondary school teachers in North West Zone of Nigeria.

 

• The physical environment of the teachers is not significantly related to job satisfaction in public secondary schools in the North West Zone of Nigeria.

 

1. The psychological work- related stress of the teachers is not significantly related to job satisfaction in public secondary schools in North West Zone of Nigeria.

 

1. The socio-economic work-related stress of teachers is not significantly related to job satisfaction in public secondary schools in North West zone of Nigeria.

 

1. The health work-related stress of the teachers is not significantly related to job satisfaction in public secondary schools in North West Zone of Nigeria.

 

 

 

1.10        Delimitations of the Study

 

This study was delimited to:

 

Relationship between work- related stress and job satisfaction among secondary school teachers in the North West Zone of Nigeria.

 

The study include only teachers in the public secondary schools in North West Zone of Nigeria.

 

It also covered variables like physical environment, psychological, socio-economic and health.

 

USE THIS MATERIALS AS A GUIDE FOR YOUR PERSONAL RESEARCH WORK (IF PROPERLY CITED)

PAY ₦3,000 HERE TO DOWNLOAD MATERIALS 

Account Number: 0709546102

Access Bank: Savings
Account Name: Emmanuel Idorenyin Samuel.

GET THIS MATERIAL HERE FOR 3,000