RELIGIOUS CONFLICTS AND ITS IMPLICATIONS ON YOUTHS IN NORTHERN NIGERIA
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CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background to the Study
Violence, civil unrest, and ceaseless deaths have been features of the conflicts that have afflicted the African continent (Afisi 2019; Afolabi 2019). In addition, these battles have resulted in widespread population relocation, sickness, significant economic expenditures, and the needless loss of life and property.
The spread of small guns and light weapons, drug and people trafficking, unlawful resource exploitation, and banditry are other problems resulting from and/or associated with these conflicts (Afolabi 2019). This explains in large part why Schmidt (2016) asserts that the image of Africa conjures up is of a continent in crisis, rife with corruption and war, and on the verge of collapse due to illness and malnutrition.
The widespread insecurity of lives and property, which is demonstrated by the rash of armed robbery attacks, assassinations, ethnic and religious conflicts, and the apparent incapacity of security agencies to deal with criminal acts, is the biggest barrier to the developing democracy. The growing number of unemployed Nigerians, some of whom are willing recruiters for criminal activities, is making the issue worse (Nigerian Tribune, 2002).
One of the most contentious instances of public policy in Nigeria’s modern history is the revived application of Sharia law and its extension from the personal to the criminal domain in 12 northern states (Suberu, 2001; 2005). The Sharia debate set Christians in the Middle Belt and the South against Muslims, who saw Sharia as the only rule revealed by God and fear that their rights will be violated and they will become second-class citizens.
According to Smyth and Robinson (2001), Nigeria is commonly described as a severely divided state where important political issues are fiercely and/or violently contested along the lines of the intricate ethnic, religious, and regional differences in the nation. Nigeria is properly regarded as one of the most severely split states in Africa due to its complex web of politically salient identities, history of ongoing, seemingly unresolvable conflicts, and instability (Osaghae and Suberu, 2005).
Nigeria has experienced a recurring crisis of territorial or state legitimacy since its establishment as a colonial state. This has frequently impeded the country’s attempts to achieve economic development, national cohesion, democracy, and stability (Maier, 2000).
Nigeria has remained a multiethnic nation state since its independence, battling and attempting to resolve issues related to both ethnicity and ethno-religious conflicts. Nigeria is home to over 400 different ethnic groups that represent various religion sects. This is due to the fact that over time, the phenomena of religious intolerance and ethnicity have caused ethno-religious conflicts to repeatedly arise.
As a result, numerous ethnic militias have been formed, including the Ijaw Youth Congress (IYC), the Bakassi Boys, the Egbesu Boys, the O’dua People Congress (OPC), and the Igbo People Congress (IPC). Other groups are the Ohanaeze N’digbo (Daily Trust; 20/8/2002! p. 16), the Arewa Poeples Congress (APC), and the Movement for the Actualization of the Sovereign State of Biafra (MASSOB). Religious intolerance has grown more violent and bloody with more disastrous outcomes since these ethnic militias have emerged and the deep divisions between the various ethnic groups have deepened. The ethnic militias are being used to carry out the ethno-religious agenda.
Nigerian youth in particular are frustrated by the fact that despite the wealth of people and natural resources in their country, they must live in destitution and extreme poverty as they grow up. The rate at which the health, education, power, and other social infrastructures are functioning is depressing, and the youth are either dropping out of secondary school or finding it difficult to pay for their increasingly costly education.
READ MORE ON: Issues And Solutions To Religious Conflicts In Nigeria
When they do eventually graduate, companies typically label them as unemployable since they lack the necessary skills and there are no jobs available for them. They are also having trouble finding work, either because there aren’t any suitable positions available or because they do not have the necessary experience to be involved in productive work. Nigeria used to be a country that exported agricultural products, but these days it imports food, with up to 80% of the population living in poverty in rural areas.
Furthermore, the formerly self-assured rural farmer who provided for his family and exported excess has turned into an urban jobless school dropout and easy target for social mischief (Dorward, 2012). Therefore, this study will investigate religious conflicts and its implications on youths in Northern Nigeria.
1.2 Statement of the Problem
The fact that the number of religious conflicts in Nigeria has recently increased makes it a topic worth discussing in the modern day and a lesson for other countries with multi-ethnic and multi-religious populations. Additionally, due to the violent nature of religious conflicts—which frequently manifest as riots, sabotage, murders, armed conflicts, guerilla warfare, and secession in Nigeria—they undoubtedly have an impact on the political and economic development of the nation, making them a crucial topic for discussion.
The fact that there is a remarkable recurrence of religious conflict throughout the country, raising the level of general insecurity, especially in the areas where such conflicts had ever occurred, makes the discussion of religious conflicts in any context even more necessary. In light of this, this study looks at the reasons, consequences, and suggestions for fresh approaches to managing religious conflicts and its implications on youths in Northern Nigeria.
1.3 Purpose of the Study
This study will investigate religious conflicts and its implications on youths in Northern Nigeria.
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