THE IMPACT OF DOCTRINAL DIFFERENCE ON THE CHURCH
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER ONE
Introduction
1.1 Background of the Study
1.2 Statement of the Problem
1.3 Objectives of the Study
1.4 Research questions
1.5 Research hypotheses
1.6 Significance of the Study
1.7 Scope and limitation of the Study
1.8 Definitions of terms
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 Literature Review
2.1 Introduction
2.2 The Concept of Pentecostalism
2.2.1 Antecedence of Modern Pentecostalism
2.3 Historical Overview of the Nigerian Christendom
2.4 Expansion of the Pentecostalism
2.5 Pentecostalism in Nigeria
2.6 Typologies of Pentecostalism in Nigeria
2.6.1 African Initiated Form of Christianity- Sola Churches
2.6.2 African Initiated Form of Christianity- Scriptura Churches
2.6.3 African Initiated Form of Christianity- Et Churches
2.6.4 African Initiated Form of Christianity- Traditions Churches
2.7 The Relationship Between Pentecostal And Charismatic
2.8 Theoretical Framework
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 Research Methodology
3.1 Research Design
3.2 Study Area
3.3 Sampling Design and Procedures
3.4 Data Collection Instrument
3.5 Administration of the Data Collection Instrument
3.6 Data Presentation
3.7 Statistical Tools for Data Analyses
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 Data Analysis and Interpretation
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Data Analysis
4.3 Research Questions and Testing Of hypotheses
CHAPTER FIVE
Findings, Summary and Recommendation
5.1 Findings
5.2 Summary
5.3 Recommendation
References
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Pentecostalism, which is currently one of the Christian movements with the fastest growth rates in Nigeria and the entire world, was born out of doctrinal disagreements. One cannot study the history of the Early Church nowadays without becoming interested in this topic and realizing that they are living in a time of endless disputes stemming from various churches’ differing doctrinal positions. Pentecostalism originated in Nigeria as a result of new religious movements brought about by doctrinal disagreements; these movements have certain similarities to Pentecostalism. The claim that “during an influenza epidemic in 1918, revivals flared within Mission Churches and the Aladura Churches expanded” is supported by Gaiya (2002:para. 4). For instance, the Church of the Lord (Aladura) was established in 1930 and the Cherubim and Seraphim Society in 1925, respectively. In 1918, the Precious Stone Society, an Anglican form of prayer, was founded to aid in the recovery of influenza sufferers.In the early 1920s, the group broke away from the Anglican Church and became associated with the Philadelphia-based Faith Tabernacle Church. Additionally, thousands of people were converted during a revival conducted by Faith Tabernacle’s Joseph Babalola. In 1932, the organization established links with the Pentecostal Apostolic Church in Great Britain; however, these relations were severed due to the utilization of contemporary medicine. The Celestial Church of Christ is said to have arrived in western Nigeria via Benin and grown quickly throughout the northern area, according to Pew Forum on Religion (2011: para. 1). Subsequently, it grew to become one of Africa’s biggest Aladura churches. One of its members, Pa Josiah Akindayome, went on to found the Redeemed Christian Church of God. According to the Pew Forum on Religion (2011: para. 2), the Redeemed Christian Church of God “became increasingly Pentecostal in theology, practice, and growth.” It has grown to be incredibly expansive, with churches all throughout the world, including the US. Between 1930 and 1960, a different type of revival developed that comprised Pentecostal and charismatic movements. “The Charismatic Youth Movement among the youth of various denominations that occurred in different parts of the country; challenging the parent group which allegedly suffered from power failure,” according to Kalu (2008:34), is one aspect of this revival wave. The group’s objectives were to win over fresh souls to God and re-evangelize mainstream churches. The evangelical revival of the 1970s benefited from the 1930 and 1960 revival, according to the Pew Forum on Religion (2011: para. 2). This was a Pentecostal wave of growth that began as a fellowship and eventually evolved into the founding of new churches. Benson Idahosa, who founded the Church of God Mission International in 19782, was one of these Church leaders.
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Francis Wernick claims that since the end of the first century at the latest, the Christian Church has experienced disagreement and discord. Though they are not exempt from the risk of disagreement, Seventh-day Adventists have exhibited a remarkable unity on biblical truth and have not experienced many major conflicts. However, danger never goes away since the enemy of the church makes every effort to sow discord and variation. Contentious matters possess the capacity to split the church. If the pioneers faced contentious matters in their day, how much more so with the same church that today has members from many origins and locations around the globe? If the pioneers had to exercise caution while handling contentious matters back then, we should exercise much greater caution today.
Thus, this study’s goal is to list some guidelines for handling potentially contentious theological matters. In order to do this, it would be beneficial to examine the history of doctrinal dispute, both in the Pentecostal churches and at the outset of the Christian Church, and to take a cue from the early Christian disciples.
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
This study will examine the issue that arose from the ongoing subject of why there are so many Christian groups in Nigeria. In order to understand the scholarly response to the issue above, we must first distinguish between non-Christian cults and false religions and denominations that are a part of the body of Christ. Disagreements on how to interpret the Bible are the foundation of denominations. One illustration would be the significance and intent of baptism. Arguments over how to interpret the Bible are taken personally and turn into heated arguments. This gives rise to debates that have the potential to seriously damage the church’s witness. Nowadays, denominations serve the self-interest of the founder or overseer, a single guy. Some who are pushing their own agendas are leading some denominations into apostasy, which is causing them to go into a condition of self-destruction.
The Protestant Reformation, a movement to “reform” the Roman Catholic Church in the sixteenth century, is largely responsible for the emergence of four major Protestant traditions: Lutheran, Reformed, Anabaptist, and Anglican. This movement also marks the beginning of the rise of denominations within the Christian faith. Over the years, additional denominations developed from these four.
There are a wide variety of denominations nowadays. Numerous offshoots of the original “mainline” denominations noted above have emerged, including the independent Bible churches, the Assemblies of God, the Christian and Missionary Alliance, the Nazarenes, and Evangelical Free. While some faiths highlight minor theological distinctions, most of the time they only provide various worship styles to accommodate Christians’ varying inclinations. But don’t get me wrong: while we should all agree on the fundamentals of the religion, there is a lot of room for interpretation when it comes to how Christians should worship in public. This liberty gives rise to a wide variety of doctrinal “flavors” within Christianity. Although the worship styles of Presbyterian churches in Uganda and Nigeria will differ greatly, their doctrinal positions will generally be the same. While diversity can be beneficial, division can not. There may be a need for discussion and argument regarding the Bible if two congregations have different doctrinal positions. Everyone can benefit from this kind of “iron sharpening iron” (Proverbs 27:17). It’s okay for them to stay apart, though, if they can’t agree on form and style. However, this division does not absolve Christians of their duty to love one another (1 John 4:11–12) and, in the end, unite as one in Christ (John 17:21–22).
The Christian faith presented numerous difficulties, ranging from theological disagreements, in contrast to other religions that only had one or a few denominations. It prompted the researcher to investigate this issue, utilizing a few chosen churches as a point of reference.
1.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
The main purpose for this research work was to examine the impact of doctrinal difference on the church, the researcher intend to achieve the following sub-objectives in the course of the study;
- To ascertain the effect of doctrinal difference on the church
- To examine the relationship between the early church and today’s church
- To find out the issues between Pentecostal churches and orthodox churches in Nigeria.
- To examine the role that doctrine plays in solving religious fanatics issues in Nigeria
- To proffer possible solutions to the challenges associated with doctrinal differences in Nigeria.
1.4 RESEARCH QUESTIONS
- Why are there so many Christian denominations in Nigeria?
- What is the significant relationship between the early church and today’s church?
- What is the doctrinal difference between the orthodox and Pentecostal churches?
- What role does church doctrine plays in solving religious fanatics in Nigeria?
1.5 RESEARCH HYPOTHESES
H0: The church doctrine plays no significant role in ensuring peace and harmony in the Nigeria.
H1: The church doctrine plays a significant role in ensuring peace and harmony in the Nigeria.
H0: there is no doctrinal difference between the orthodox and Pentecostal churches
H2: there is doctrinal difference between the orthodox and Pentecostal churches
1.6 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
The following are the significance of this study:
- The findings of this study will be useful for the government, church leaders and the general public on the role of the church in ensuring sustainable peace and harmony among churches.
- This research will also serve as a resource base to other scholars and researchers interested in carrying out further research in this field subsequently, if applied will go to an extent to provide new explanation to the topic.
1.7 SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY
This study will cover the role of the church and Christianity in general as regards to the issue of doctrinal differences, societal peace and harmony.
Financial constraint– Insufficient fund tends to impede the efficiency of the researcher in sourcing for the relevant materials, literature or information and in the process of data collection (internet, questionnaire and interview).
Time constraint- The researcher will simultaneously engage in this study with other academic work. This consequently will cut down on the time devoted for the research work.
1.8 DEFINITION OF TERMS
Doctrine: Doctrine (from Latin: doctrina) is a codification of beliefs or a body of teachings or instructions, taught principles or positions, as the essence of teachings in a given branch of knowledge or belief system. The Greek analogue is the etymology of catechism.
Differences: the quality or state of being dissimilar or different, like the different between right and wrong or black or white.
Doctrinal differences: this is defined in this context as the different views, belief and mode of operation of various churches that varies with that of others.
Church: A church building, often simply called a church, is a building used for Christian religious activities, particularly for worship services. The term in its architectural sense is most often used by Christians to refer to their religious buildings, but it is sometimes used (by analogy) to refer to buildings of other religions.
Pentecostal: Pentecostalism or Classical Pentecostalism is a renewal movement within Protestant Christianity that places special emphasis on a direct personal experience of God through the baptism with the Holy Spirit.
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