THE IMPACT OF INDUSTRIALIZATION ON RURAL DEVELOPMENT
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ABSTRACT
The study is a critical examination of the impact of industrialization on rural development. The researcher identified a manufacturing company “UNICEM” in Akamkpa LGA of cross river state and evaluate efforts made towards managing rural development through industrialization in the area. Ascertained the role of Government in the management of rural development through industrialization, especially in Akamkpa Local Government. Determined the impact of industrialization on rural development. Identified the problems militating against rural development through industrialization in Akamkpa Local Government. Data for the study was sourced from two main sources which include Primary and Secondary sources of data Collection. Primary data: questionnaires and oral interviews were used to collect information from the respondents. Secondary data: journals, and other relevant materials relating to the area of investigation were reviewed. Research instrument used in this study includes oral interview and questionnaire. The questionnaire is structural as to contain both close and open ended question. Simple tables and percentages were used in treatment of data. Chi-square was used in testing the hypotheses.
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
In 1976 a uniform system of local government was introduced according to local government reforms of 1976 the primary motive is to take development direct from the center to the people at the rural areas through the local government hence the same reform (1976:1) describes local government as a tool for rural development some of these motive are the conscious attempt of the federal government to involve people in the management of their rural affairs through which the human and materials resources of the rural dwellers can be effectively mobilized tapped and into industrialization process.
Since Nigerian started existing as a nation development has been taking place especially in the urban area for the fact that man often craves for what is good it is often that people usually mesh to urban areas where there are provision for the comfort and welfare of man by way social amenities and the infrastructure provision this exodus of people is necessitated by the fact that rural area are often neglected on term of development but those who rush to develop (urban) areas seen to have forgotten that there every needs to develop the rural are because they are bases the beginning and also terminate destination Odenigwe 1879:4) postulated that the rural subsection of the economy is endeavored with abundant natural resource unharnessed for this to be harnessed would require integrating rural people in the rural development excise through the provision of small scale industries of different types, he defines industrialization as an integrated process of developing industries that would extract manufacture or convert raw materials into finished goods and services industries that means different things to different people and circumstances.
Spie (1968) stated that industrialization embraces the means by which man control or modifies his natural environment it is that great growing engine of charge industrializing is the major means of people adjusting to environment. It has to do it the techniques and tools with which people utilize the materials resources of their environment to satisfy their various needs and desires, industrialization is of course an application of practical or mechanical science to industries or commerce it is a technical know-how scientific idea information body of knowledge materials or goods and services capable of being systematic and sequential in the generation communicable and adoptable to application in a given economic political social and cultural money against this background we conclude that industrialization embraces a body of organized knowledge tools and machine used by man to manipulate his environment to satisfy his needs it is no this platform that the subject matter managing rural development through industrialization was drawn.
In managing rural development the basic role of management is to plan organize direct and control it is our collective views that managers lead other than plan man power rather than direct pattern rather than organize and assess rather than control the effectiveness of management arises from leadership effort towards the simultaneous creation of a co-operative and learning organization to facilitate the implementation process of management practices which when implemented support rural and national development organization survival and effective authorization of resource for the benefit of mankind.
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
Industrialization is a major development initiative that brings about massive development to a community be it rural or urban. With establishment of an industry the people stand to benefit in the way jobs are created security is provided, infrastructural development arrives and there is a general improvement in the welfare of the people.
In the same vain, the community stand at a risk in being affected in numerous other ways. In Akamkpa local government area of Cross River state. The citing of a cement factory in between the boundary of Akamkpa and Akpabuyo. UNICEM Cement Company Plc has polluted the land around the cement plant. The pollution in the form of limestone dust, has made the land to be in a state where its cultivation for agricultural purpose has become impossible. The dust is seen on trees and grasses around the factory and the fact that grasses are not greenish i.e. a sign of good condition is an indication that cropping activities would not be fruitful.
Government policy is another important factor impacting on the industrial development of Akamkpa Local Government area of Cross River State. Certain government policies like privatization of government owned properties may bring about massive retrenchment of workers. This was the case when the Benue Cement Company was privatized to the Dangote Group of companies. The new management opted to import labour from other states thereby neglecting the people who were employed by the former administrations. This affected the workers who were owed heavily and had to cope with being unemployed.
Corruption affects the industrial development of Akamkpa heavily to officials of companies often syphon finds meant for development of the companies. Unicem Cement Company was bankrupted by poor management by indigenes of the state. Company cars, housing properties shares have been sold for personal use by selfish administrators.
1.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
The ultimate objectives of this study are;-
- To determine the benefits of industrialization to the Akamkpa Local Government community.
- To find out how lives of people living in Akamkpa Local Government can be improved through industrialization.
- To find out why Akamkpa Local Government is not yet industrialized.
- To highlight the methods of encouraging industrialization in Akamkpa Local Government area
1.4 RESEARCH QUESTIONS
- Will there be a significant difference in the employment opportunities available when Akamkpa Local Government is industrialized.
- Will industrialization improve the lives of people living in Akamkpa Local Government area?
- What are the factors militating against rural development especially in industrial development
- Will industrial development be of any important to the rural area?
- Can industrialization promote human and materials development in rural area?
1.5 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
This study is beneficial to the society investor rural dweller and to the researcher the study has expanded our knowledge it has increase our research skill beside the above was conducted in the department of business administration that the study would be of immense important to students who may wish on to conduct a future research on the subject matter it would serve as a efficiencies materials coming on the side of the rural dweller it will help in appreciating the department of natural resource available in rural setting is develop through industrialization process it will bridge the gap in rural urban migration.
Finally the society as a whole stand to benefit from the study. The society is drawn from rural setting developing rural setting implies developing the society the implication being that the society standard of living would in prove employment will be generated and investment created means while policy maker through this study would understand why it necessary to promote industrial project they would also understand that the leadership efforts are needed to pioneer industrialization process.
1.6 SCOPE AND LIMITATION OF THE STUDY
The scope of study is the research boundary the scope is on rural development how it can be managed through industrialization process is to identify factors militating the provision of rural infrastructures and enabling environment for business to flourish. Hardly would a research be conducted without any constraint in a country such as ours where a beaurocarcy act has constraint in the flow of information and where there is inaccurate data and statistics there is really have to be problems.
LACK OF ADEQUATE DATA: Adequate data have not been gathered about rural industrialization no do we have enough statistics about it.
FINANCIAL CONSTRAINT: The rising cost of living has complicated the cost of embarking on a thorough research work it is too costly to embark through research work.
PROBLEMS SECRECY: Most information for public consumptions is some time tagged secret there by restraining our ability to have all the necessary information or data needled to the subject matters.
1.7 DEFINITION OF CONCEPTS
The following terminologies and abbreviations used in the study are explained below.
Industrialization: Is the period of social and economic change that transforms a human group from an agrarian society into an industrial one, involving the extensive re-organization of an economy for the purpose of manufacturing.
Development: This is level of physical environment social political and economic growth or civilization of the people.
Rural area: This connotes the interior or remote parts of the local government, which the central government wants to develop by creating local government.
Small Scale Industry: These are those whose annual turnover does not exceed N200,000,000 or capital expenditure does not exceed N200,000,000.(C B N).
Cooperative: This is an autonomous association of persons united voluntarily to meet their common economic, social and cultural needs and aspirations through a jointly owned and democratically-controlled enterprise (ICA1995).
Local Government: the third tier of government with in the state charged with the responsibility of development and administration of people at the grass root level. (Ejeakanonu,2007)
1.8 ORGANIZATION OF THE STUDY
This research work is organized in five chapters, for easy understanding, as follows Chapter one is concern with the introduction, which consist of the (overview, of the study), statement of problem, objectives of the study, research question, significance or the study, research methodology, definition of terms and historical background of the study. Chapter two highlight the theoretical framework on which the study is based, thus the review of related literature. Chapter three deals on the research design and methodology adopted in the study. Chapter four concentrate on the data collection and analysis and presentation of finding. Chapter five gives summary, conclusion, and recommendations made of the study.
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