The Impact of Social Media Distraction on Academic Performance of Biology Students in Senior Secondary Schools
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CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background to the Study
The internet and smartphones allow individuals to be permanently online and connected (Vorderer et al., 2018). Social media distraction refers to the process by which social media cues divert people’s attention away from a task they were originally focused on. Social media diversions are common, especially with mobile access. Previous research on multitasking has repeatedly found that distraction has a detrimental impact on performance (Jeong and Hwang, 2016), academic achievement among students (Junco and Cotten, 2012; Giunchiglia et al., 2018), and well-being (Brooks, 2015). Distractions thus deplete users’ cognitive resources by diverting their attention. Furthermore, considering the negative repercussions, it is critical to understand users’ fundamental motivations for social media distraction. Understanding the causes of social media distraction can help users better their ability to deal with undesired social media diversions. The powerful pull factor of social media, also known as “hedonic appeal” (Brooks, 2015) or temptation (Hofmann et al., 2017), causes users to be “drawn to distraction” (Aagaard, 2015), leading them to neglect their core goals and tasks. The tremendous lure of social media has a high risk of distraction. For example, research has showed that students cannot focus for long periods of time on a subject such as studying, on average. They move to social media after roughly six minutes of focused work (Rosen et al., 2013) and respond to notifications immediately after arriving (Pielot et al., 2014). To reduce distractions and achieve goals more successfully. Thus, it is critical to understand the fundamental causes of the diversions.
Furthermore, the world has recently seen a surge in technical innovation. This period saw the rise of social media and other modern technology in society.
Futhermore, the use of social media like the computer systems will help the teachers in preparing the lesson content, assist in curriculum design and stand a chance of delivery their lessons to the students in a more effective and comprehensive manner. Akeem (2016)
In addition, Braith, (2013) asserted that, social media are medium or channel through which students get involve with social networks like facebook, whatsapp, twitter and the rest of them.
Students usually access social media services via web-based technologies on desktops and laptops, or download services that offer functional educational information to their mobile devices (e.g., smartphones and tablets) which help them in their academic endeavors. As users engage with these electronic services, they create highly interactive platforms through which individuals, communities, and organizations can share, co-create, discuss, participate and modify user-generated content that can help them improve both academically and otherwise. (Boyd, 2017)
Without reservation, Kaplan and Haenlein (2010), defined social media as a group of internet- based applications that build on the ideological and technological foundations of Web 2.0. Which allow the creation and exchange of user-generated content. The Oxford dictionary (2011), also defined social media as “applications used for social networking”.
Another definition of social media is that it is a ‘’communication channel which is very popular, extremely fast and broad, has proven to be highly effective, as well as trusted by billions of people. Thus, to share and discover content concerning individuals, brands, information, entertainment and knowhow’’ (Dearborn, 2014). Indeed, one theme that all these definitions underpin is that social media involves some form of communication between individuals over the internet.
Moreover, today, social media has taken a new dimension and has encouraged more participation through the introduction of mobile phones that support social networks. However, a major concern have arose over how the use of social media sites among undergraduate students affects their academic performances.
Therefore, it was on this background that the researcher was interested to examine the distract of social media on academic performance in Biology in secondary schools.
1.2 Statement of the Problem
Certainly, the menace of failure among the young school students has stared parent, government and stakeholders in the face. There is a consensus of opinion about the fallen standard of education as a big problem that is hindering the posterity of the Nigerian nation in terms of quality man-power resources.
Moreover, most students in secondary schools experience academic challenges that manifest itself in the form of poor academic performance. Hence, this study seeks to examine the impact of social media distraction on academic performance of biology students in senior secondary schools.
Operational Definition of Terms
Social Media: Social media are interactive computer-mediated technologies that facilitate the creation and sharing of information, ideas, career interests and other forms of expression via virtual communities and networks
Social media distraction: In this study, social media distraction is defined as the phenomenon of social media cues (the distractors). Drawing the attention away from the task at hand and directing it instead toward social media.
Academic performance: this refers to the outcome of learning activities in the school system. In this study, it refers to student scores or grades in Economic test or examination.
Biology: this is a social science which studies human behaviours in relation to ends and scares mean which have alternative uses.
Social Network: Are social media website that aid the communication and sharing of information via facebook, whatsapp, twitter, etc.
Students: a group of learner in an academic institution.