THE INFLUENCE OF POLITICAL PARTY SUPPORTERS ON THE SUCCESS OF THE PARTY CANDIDATE ELECTION
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CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the study
A political party is a formally organized group of people with a distinctive name and maybe an acronym who gather, prepare, and field candidates for periodic elections under the Constitution to fill vacant public positions with qualified electorates. It is impossible to exaggerate the significance of political parties’ roles in a democratic society (Akinboye, 2015). In recent years, non-members or sympathizers have assumed significant roles in party activities that were previously only reserved for official party members, challenging traditional notions of party membership in a number of nations (Cross and Gauja, 2014a; Scarrow, 2015). Parties are finding it more difficult to retain membership groups, so they’re experimenting with new organizational forms to create relationships with people who aren’t members (Scarrow, 2015). One author has proposed a framework to catalog these developments, based on clear boundaries in terms of what activities supporters may or may not participate in (Mjelde, 2015). This has taken many forms, including involvement in election campaigning, candidate and leader selection (including primaries), online policy deliberation, and even policy formation. This goes well beyond Duverger’s concentric rings of expanding connection and engagement from 1954, which gradually blur the lines between supporters and members. This is due to a number of factors. Rahat et al. (2014) assert that the de-alignment of voters and parties in the case of Israel is speeding up the availability of opportunities for supporters, and Sandri and Seddone (2015: 25) mention the decline in party membership and the declining influence of cleavage politics. In fact, Gauja (2015b) claims that this may signal a shift in political parties, who are now defining and organizing themselves “in terms of individual people rather than group interests.” Election campaigning is vitally important in terms of supporter activity. For instance, Rahat et al. (2014) find that parties prioritize acquiring followers prior to elections in the Israeli case, but Fisher et al. (2014) demonstrate that supporter involvement in election campaigns is pervasive in the British case. They discovered that supporters were involved in a sizable portion of campaigns (about three quarters) after analyzing district-level campaigns in the 2010 general election (Fisher et al., 2014). Additionally, the fans’ participation wasn’t negligible. About two-thirds of the activities that members engaged in were done by supporters. High-intensity supporters were substantially less likely to engage in pre-election voter contact activities including door-to-door canvassing and phone calls than low-intensity supporters. The findings does, in fact, corroborate the situation in Australia, where the distinction between members and supporters is “basically irrelevant” in crucial campaigning activities like leaflet distribution (Cross and Gauja, 2014b). On the other hand, supporters weren’t just extra hands who did members’ jobs. Supporter activities complemented, not supplanted, member activity. In conclusion, Fisher et al. (2014) showed that supporters of all three main parties made independent and beneficial contributions to their campaigns. In numerous nations, political parties place a high importance on their supporters. To understand the effect of political party supporters on the electoral performance of party candidates, however, a lot less research has been done.
1.2 Statement of the problem
Political parties are defined by its philosophy and manifesto, in addition to being registered organizations with a distinctive name or acronym. “Ideology is usually a critical component of political parties and their actions” (Omotola, 2009). Political party funding has the potential to skew the election process and is a common source of high-level corruption. Corruption of this kind is a major issue in a number of nations, both developed and developing. The absence of legal sources of income, such as business, trade unions, and party membership, combined with costly and antidemocratic party operations, such as vote buying, creates specific incentives for corrupt financing in developing nations. The importance of party followers in the election of party candidates cannot be overstated, since parties cannot undertake campaigns without the assistance of its members and supporters (Sandri,2015). Elections are won, however, because of the influence of party members who work tirelessly for the success of the party; however, there are several factors that limit the extent to which party members contribute to the success, such as inequality in dividend distribution after elections, corruption, and so on. As a result, there is a need to investigate the impact of political party followers on the election success of party candidates.
1.3 Objective of the study
The primary objective of the study is as follows
1) To examine the factors responsible for people joining a political party.
2) To examine the challenges party members face in campaigning for their party candidate.
3) To find out the importance of party members in winning an election for the party.
4) To make recommendation on how party members can utilize the support of their party members in winning election.
1.4 Research Questions
The following questions have been prepared for the study
- What are the factors responsible for people joining a political party?
- What are the challenges party members face in campaigning for their party candidate?
- What are the importance of party members in winning an election for the party?
- What recommendation can be on how party members can utilize the support of their party members in winning election?
1.5 Significance of the study
This study focuses on influence of political party supporters on the success of the party candidate election. Hence the study is significant to political party as they will see the importance of having the support of party members in other to win elections.
The study is significant to the academic community as it will contribute to the existing literature.
1.6 Scope of the study
The study will examine the factors responsible for people joining a political party. The study will also examine the challenges party members face in campaigning for their party candidate. The study will further find out the importance of party members in winning an election for the party. Lastly, the study will make recommendation on how party members can utilize the support of their party members in winning election. Hence this study is delimited to the peoples democratic party(PDP) Lagos state.
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