A SEMINAR PRESENTATION ON WASTE
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CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
Waste is any material which is no longer useful as it has served its purpose or at the end of the process has no further use and it is generally discarded. It is unwanted materials and objects that can be thrown away.
When waste is a liquid or gas, it can be called an emission. This is usually pollution (Diaz et al; 2006).
Living things taken in raw materials and excrete wastes that are recycled by other living organisms. However, humans produce and additional flow of material residues that would overload the capacity of natural recycling processes, so these must be managed in order to reduce their effect on our aesthetics, health, or the environment (Wayback, 2009).
Toxic waste materials can contaminate surface water, groundwater, soil and air which causes more problems for humans, other species and ecosystems.
The management of hazardous wastes is one of the most critical environmental issues that face many developing Countries. It is one of the areas where institutional control and treatment and disposal technology has not kept pace with economic development.
Hazardous wastes are generated from a wide range of industrial, commercial, agriculture and even, domestic activities and it can be found in different physical state such as gaseous, liquid and solids. A hazardous wastes is a special type of waste because it cannot be disposed by means like other by-products of our everyday lives. Depending on the physical state of the waste, treatment and solidification processes might be required (Way back, 2001).
Many industrial process have the potential to produce hazardous wastes. To help potential hazardous wastes generators identify if they produce hazardous wastes, EPA provides examples of hazardous wastes that are typically generated by specific industries and provide suggestions for how to recycle, treat or dispose of the wastes according to federal regulations. Only the federal hazardous wastes codes are provided here. States might have different codes for some waste streams so generators should check with their state regulatory agencies to find those out. (veils, 2006).
This waste contains materials that are infectious including blood-soaked materials, scalped blades, needles and other waste that is contaminated with body fluids or medications such as chemo-drugs. Medical waste pollution does not affect just humans though, it also affects the environment. The effects of medical waste on human health and on the environment are astronomical. It could cause severe illness and even death. (Beil, 2017).
Landfills are made to keep all waste in a controlled area. Some may have liners to keep the waste from seeping into the environment. Throwing sharps object away from puncture these liners, which then allows liquids from waste – household and improperly processed medical waste to seep into the ground water and soil.
Waste prevention means using smaller qualities of potentially harmful materials, products or using materials that are less toxic, waste prevention is less expensive than treatment or disposal because it does not require transportation, processing or cleaup. It also can save on product production cost because fewer resources are needed. Prevention measures often carry a significant up-front expense, but such waste prevents projects usually pay for themselves. Dispose any hazardous wastes safety (Wilson, 2006).
Hazardous wastes can be treated by chemical, thermal, biological and physical methods.
In addition, the collection, treatment, and disposal of waste material that, when improperly handled, can cause substantial harm to human health and safety or to the environment. Improper hazardous wastes storage or disposal frequently contaminates surface and ground water supplies. In an effort to remedy existing problems and to prevent future harm from hazardous wastes, hazardous wastes management should be regulate the practice.
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