an assessment of patients co-operation towards the presence of students during the radiological examination in hospitals in enugu metropolis
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ABSTRACT
Patients’ consent to being part of the education of Medical Radiography is often taken for granted hence formal consent is not always sought during teaching and patients are sometimes not aware that they are going to be used for teaching activities. Some students of Radiography are not even aware of patients’ right to privacy when they come for radiographic examinations. This study aims to assess patients’ co-operation towards the presence of students during the radiological examination in hospitals in Enugu metropolis. A survey was conducted using a manual questionnaire tailored to suit the purpose of this study; data collected from patients from the three university teaching hospitals in Enugu namely UNTH, NOHE and ESUTH (N=99) was statistically analyzed. The results show that 22.2% of the patients have been examined by student radiographers without the supervision of a radiographer. Also 47.5 percent of the respondents are would be afraid to be examined by student radiographers without supervision, while 34.3% would be embarrassed if they are examined by students of the opposite gender. This indicates that students should be well supervised during radiographic examination of patients and that care should be taken to ensure patient privacy to avoid embarrassment.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title page i
Dedication ii
Approval iii
Abstract iv
Acknowledgement v
Table of Contents vi
List of Tables vii
List of Figures viii
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION
- Background of study 1
1.1 Statement of problem 3
1.2 Purpose of study 4
1.3 Significance of study 5
1.4 Scope of study 5
1.5 literature review 5
CHAPTER TWO: THEORETICAL BACKGROUND
2.1 The patient 14
2.2 Attitude 15
2.3 Measuring attitudes 16
2.4 Assessment of patient attitudes to the involvement of students in radiographic examinations 17
2.5 Effects of student involvement on radiographic examinations 20
2.6 Importance of patient and student education 21
CHAPTER THREE: RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY
3.0 Research design 23
3.1 Target population 23
3.2 Sample size 23
3.3 Sampling procedure 24
3.4 Instrument and method of data collection 24
3.5 Data analysis and presentation 26
Result 27
CHAPTER FOUR: DISCUSSION, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
4.0 Discussion 37
4.1 Conclusion 40
4.2 Recommendation 41
4.3 Limitations of study 41
REFERENCES
QUESTIONNAIRE
CHAPTER ONE
BACKGROUND OF STUDY
- Introduction
A patient is any recipient of health care services. The patient is most often ill or injured and in need of treatment 1. Being a patient does not take away one’s right to privacy and comfort at the hospital during treatment. In fact, due to the physical, emotional, and mental state of patients, it is very important that their privacy is respected, and their comfort guaranteed.
Therefore, every examination or treatment in the hospital should be in the patient’s best interest, because the patient is the main reason for the existence of the hospital.Training of new health care professionals such as doctors, radiographers, nurses, etc, is part of the process of improving health care delivery, which in turn is beneficial to the patient.
Therefore, in order to train health care providers and also improve on the standard of health care delivery, real life situations are required. This is where the patient becomes very important in the education and training of health care professionals.
However, the patient’s rights to privacy should be respected and it is ethical for patient’s consent to be sought before they are used for teaching or demonstration for students. On the contrary, patients are sometimes not aware of any teaching activities 2.
Students are now becoming actively involved in patient care in order to gain clinical experience. This seems to be a symbiotic relationship because as students gain more clinical experience, patient care is enhanced due to combined efforts from both the health care professional and the students.
Students of Radiography require high level scientific training for proper understanding and efficient application of the modern technology involved in the discharge of healthcare.
Therefore, clinical postings for students of radiography require that they visit teaching hospitals regularly, and are present in the examination room in order to gain practical knowledge of how radiographic procedures are carried out.
Student presence, and furthermore, participation in carrying out radiographic procedures are very important to their training as professional radiographers. However, while this is of great benefit to the students it may not go down well with some patients who have reservations about students being around while they are being examined.
While some patients may not have a problem with having students participate in general radiographic investigations, they may not want students participating in special or intimate examinations such as hysterosalpingography (HSG), micturating cyctourethrography (MCU), gynaecography, mammography, etc
It is worthy of note that the hospital exists solely because of the patient, and as such, every aspect of healthcare delivery should be geared towards patient.
The patient is therefore not divested of his rights to privacy and comfort because he is ill. It is important to note that the patient pays the bills for his treatment and this requires that his preferences are acknowledged whenever possible.
When patients are not comfortable in the examination room then it may be difficult for radiographic examinations to produce desired results.
A good number of studies have examined how patients feel about the involvement of medical students in clinical examinations; however, very few studies have examined how patients feel towards student involvement in radiographic examinations.
- Statement of Problem
Most times some patients are not comfortable with the large number of students present in the diagnostic room, especially during special radiological cases.Patient discomfort due to heavy student presence may cause fear, anger, or embarrassment, leading to poor radiographic examinations, patients holding back vital information, and time wasting.It seems that there is inadequate patient education concerning participation of students in radiographic examinations.Students mostly depend on their clinical postings in order to have practical knowledge of radiographic procedures, but may be sometimes asked to leave the diagnostic room during some examinations, leaving them with less practical knowledge.
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