ASSESSMENT OF FACTORS AFFECTING UTILISATION OF HEALTH SERVICES
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CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study
The only purpose of health care centers is to give universal access to available resources in order to adequately cover the people’s most important health requirements. Primary health care centers are intended to be the initial point of contact for persons in the community with regard to their health care requirements, as well as a system that sees health as a whole state of being rather than just the absence of disease (Magnussen, Ehiri, & Jolly, 2004). People’s health is improved when health centers are used effectively in rural communities. Many Sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries, including Nigeria, have underdeveloped national health systems that face severe issues. Good prenatal care can help to prevent main causes of neonatal and maternal mortality, especially in remote areas where the PHC system is difficult to reach. The World Health Organization (2008) not only re-emphasized the importance of primary health care as the gold standard for providing comprehensive health services worldwide and nationally in a safe, effective, and socially productive manner, but also highlighted the necessity for a people-centered approach (WHO, 2008).
The use of health services by the communities to whom they are delivered is determined and influenced by a number of factors that have been defined in various ways. Bernstein et al. (2003) classified these elements into three categories: enabling factors, predisposing factors, and care requirement determinants. Enabling factors are elements that encourage people to use health care services, such as decent roads, updated technology, or insurance. influencing factors examines individuals’ natural proclivity for illness, and how culture and society’s expectations influence behavior and need determinants of care Following an assessment of the individual’s need for care, the individual decides where to obtain care, which may include self-medication, usage of chemists/patent medicine vendors, or other methods of receiving care (Bernstein et al, 2003).
The provision of primary health care is primarily the responsibility of local governments, with assistance from state ministries of health and within the framework of the national health strategy. Traditional medicine was the primary way of healthcare delivery in Nigeria before to the arrival of modern medicine. Herbalists, divine healers, soothsayers, midwives, spiritualists, bone setters, mental health therapists, and surgeons provided healthcare throughout this time period (Awoyemi, Obayelu, & Opaluwa, 2011).Primary health care centers are mostly found in communities run by local governments. There is a primary health care center in each of Nigeria’s 774 local government areas that provides services at the grassroots level. This has the potential to have a significant influence on the health of the community and Nigerians in general. Studies carried out in and around Nigeria over the years have demonstrated that the choice of healthcare facility utilization depends on the people’s behavior in terms of seeking out health care as well as a variety of other predisposed characteristics. For instance, a study conducted in Sagamu, South-West Nigeria, found that the most preferred types of health facilities were private hospitals, teaching hospitals, patent medicine sellers, and maternity homes, in that order, due to competence, effective treatment, promptness of service, and quality of service (Abiodun & Olu-Abiodun, 2014).
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