ENVIRONMENTAL VARIABLES AND THE LEARNING AMONG SECONDARY SCHOOLS STUDENTS

ENVIRONMENTAL VARIABLES AND THE LEARNING AMONG SECONDARY SCHOOLS STUDENTS

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title Page

Certification

Dedication

Acknowledgements

Abstract

CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION                   

1.1    Background to the Study

1.2    Statement of the Problem

1.3    Purpose of the Study

1.4    Significance of the Study

 

1.5    Research Hypotheses

1.6    Research Questions

1.7    Limitation of the Study

1.7   Delimitation of the Study

1.8    Definition of Terms

CHAPTER TWO:  REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE    

• Concept of Environmental Variables
• Classroom Building and Learning among

Secondary School Students

• School Location and Learning among Secondary

School Students

• Class size and learning among secondary school

students

• School Library and Learning among Secondary

School Students

• Summary of Literature Review

 

CHAPTER THREE: RESEARCH METHODS                      

3.1   Research design

3.2    Area of the study

3.3    Population of the study

3.4    Sample and Sampling Technique

 

3.5    Instrumentation

3.6    Validation of the Instrument

3.7      Administration of the Instrument

3.8      Method of Data Analysis

 

CHAPTER FOUR:

DATA ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION OF FINDINGS          

4.1      Data Analysis

4.2      Discussion of Findings

CHAPTER FIVE: SUMMARY, RECOMMENDATIONS AND                        

CONCLUSION                                                         

5.1      Summary

5.2      Recommendations

5.3      Conclusion

5.4      Suggestions for Further Studies

References

Appendices

 

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1  Background to the Study

Environment can be defined as a system within which living organisms interacts with the physical element while education environment is a learning place where the learner learn and interact with learning facilities in order to be socialized and face the challenges in the society.

Moreover, Agusiegbe, (2023) sees environments as consisting of all elements existing around man and which exert some influence on him. These include physical, biological and social attributes. Environment can also be seen as aggregate of all the external condition and influence affecting the life and development of an organism. An environment is a place where activities such as learning activities take place and can be refers to as school environment.

However, learning environment refers to the diverse physical locations, contexts, and cultures in which students learn. Since students may learn in a wide variety of settings, such as outside-of-school locations and outdoor environments, the term is often used as a more accurate or preferred alternative to classroom, which has more limited and traditional connotations, a room with rows of desks and a chalkboard.

Learning environment (school) includes all the external condition and influences in the school that affect the academic achievement of the student such as laboratory equipment, library facilities, qualified teachers, furniture, school building, good administrative management, teacher pupil relationship, school location among others.

 

Thus, the environmental variable of the setting helps to a large extent in ensuring attainability of the goals of such setting. The environmental differences and the differences in the quality of instruction from one learning environment to another can create differences in the level of knowledge acquisition of the students. This shows that the learning facilities children are exposed to and the socio-economic influence on them can affect their academic achievement.

Maduewesi, (2013) referred to teaching and learning environment as the setting physical and conceptual in which teaching and learning are carried out as deliberately planned. And to Okobia in Maduewesi (2013) learning environment means classroom surroundings, physical facilities in the classroom and teacher–pupil relationship. Learning environment includes the school building and the surrounding grounds such as noise, temperature and lighting as well as physical, biological or chemical agent, (Chiu, 2018).

School environment can then be seen to include material and human resources, a learning place which consist of the entire interaction. The learning environment is both the natural and provided setting where teaching and learning takes place.

The physical appearance and general condition of school physical facilities are the striking basis upon which many parents and friends of any educational institution make initial judgment about the quality of what goes on in the school. They are often turned off by dilapidated school blocks with sinking roofs and broken walls, bushy lawn and over grown hedges.

 

Also are profane writings on walls, littered lawns and path ways. Finally, the school physical environment is like a mirror reflecting the image of a school and through it the public decide whether or not to associate with the particular school (Mgbodile, 2014).

In Nigeria today, schools are closely associated with the communities. Most communities depend on the neighborhood school for the provision of good and appropriate environment for accommodation, furniture and all form of equipment for certain activities like club or village meetings, wedding reception and church services. The environmental variables and the learning among secondary schools students.

Environmental variables before now have not been considered as one of the factors that affect academic performance in secondary schools hence it has little or no attention in educational discourse and consideration. But over the past decade remarkable studies have indicated a correlation between the environment and academic performance of students.

Therefore, this study will seek to find out the influence of environmental variables such as classroom size, school library and school location on social studies students’ academic performance.

 

1.2   Statement of the Problem

Social studies is one of the subjects that junior secondary school students are required to pass  at credit level in order to be promoted and qualified to study at senior secondary  school level. But the reverse is the case. Mores so, it is now certain that most secondary school products cannot gain admission into federal universities or university of their choice due to poor performance in the placement examination into these schools. Thus, this poor academic performance can be attributed to poor foundation laid at junior secondary level (Unified tertiary matriculation examination board report UTMEB, 2012).

Similarly, this poor performance may also be attributed to poor learning environment especially in the following areas: school location, schools building, library services and school facilities.

 

The environment varies from school to school. Some schools have adequate school buildings, good library and suitable textbooks, good administrative management, professionally qualified teachers, good laboratory equipment as well as good location. While in some schools little or none of these exist.

It is because of this that Chike-Okoli, (2019) in line with Ikediashi, (2013) have pointed out that poor teaching experience, inadequate or poor physical infrastructure, unsatisfactory building design are likely to cause some physical discomfort for the students and are therefore bound to influence their academic achievement.

Therefore, the problem of this study put in a question form is: What is the influence of environmental variables on the academic performance of social studies students. This question necessitates the study on environmental variables and academic performance of Government students in Abak Local Government Area.

 

1.3   Purpose of the Study:

The main purpose of this study was to examine the environmental variables and the learning among secondary schools students. Specifically, the study intended:

1. To examine the influence of class room building on the learning of Government among secondary school students;
2. To examine the influence of school location on the learning of Government Among secondary school students;
3. To examine the influence of class size on the learning of Government among secondary school students.
4. To investigate the influence of library facilities on learning of Government among secondary schools students.

 

1.4   Significance of the Study

The findings from this study will be of immense benefits to the government, principals, teachers, parents as well as student researchers.

1. Firstly, the findings will help the government or the policy makers in formulating effective planning and implementation of policies and programs for improved school academic activities. It will also provide policy makers with intelligent forecast and analysis of future needs of the schools in the areas of building and location. The environmental variables and the learning among secondary schools students.
2. Secondly, it will help the parents in determining the choice of the type of school for their children. This is because, their wards will enjoy good school learning environment that will lead to quality school products.
3. Lastly, it will be of benefit to the student researchers as it will provide a valid working document or literature in investigating other areas not covered by this study. Thus, it will serve as a point of reference to future researchers in the field.

 

1.5   Research Hypotheses

Four research hypotheses were formulated to guide the study:

1. There is no significant relationship between class room building and the learning of Government among secondary school students;
2. There is no significant relationship between school location and the learning of Government Among secondary school students;
3. There is no significant relationship between class size and the learning of Government among secondary school students.
4. There is no significant relationship between library facilities and the learning of Government among secondary schools students.

 

1.6  Research Questions

The following research questions were formulated:

• Is there any significant relationship between class room building and the learning of Government among secondary school students?
• To what extent does school location influence the learning of Government Among secondary school students;
• Is there any significant relationship between class size and the learning of Government among secondary school students?

• Is there any significant relationship between library facilities and the learning of Government among secondary schools students?

 

1.7  Limitation of the Study

1. The period given for the completion of this study could hardly be enough for a wider and more in depth research into the problem situation.
2. Lack of funds to procure necessary materials for the study posed another serious problem.

 

Operational Definition of Terms

Teaching: This is the process of imparting knowledge.

Learning: In brief, this is the process of acquiring knowledge.

Environment Variables:  Environmental variables can be defined as environmental factors in the school that tend to influence students’ academic performance. Such factors include school library facilities, school location, class room size, laboratory facilities etc.

Academic Performance: In brief, it is the ability or grade obtained in test and examination by students.

Urban Learning Environment: these are learning environment located in the develop area such as city, town etc.

Rural Learning Environment: These are learning environment located in developing (inferior) area.

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