Impact of Classroom Learning Environment on Student’s Academic Achievement in Secondary Schools
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ABSTRACT
Learning environment has been the focus of considerable educational research over along period of time the thesis reported in this thesis utilizes the perceptions of 208 junior science students from a Pakistan state secondary school to inform classroom environment and implemented by their teachers in an attempt to improve the cognitive and attitudinal outcomes of the students.The five stages process on which the study is based combined theory and practice in providing the participating teacher with a structured means of bringing about change in their classroom. Student‘s perceptions of actual and preferred interpersonal behavior and the laboratory learning environment are targeted for change through the classroom environment improvement plans. The study identified which aspects of the learning environment had changed after a period of intervention. It also identified association between student‘s perception of aspects of their laboratory learning environment and attitudinal as well as association between teacher interpersonal behaviors and cognitive outcomes, cognitive outcome did improve over the duration of the study thus supporting a previously established link between students attitude and cognitive outcome.
TABLE OF CONTENT
Chapter
- INTRODUCTION
1.1 Statement of the problem
1.2 Objective of the study
1.3 Research Question
1.4 Significance of the study
1.5 Delimitation - REVIEW OF LITERATURE
- Historical Aspects
- Modern Learning Environment
- Classroom Learning Environment
- Physical Environment
- Importance of classroom learning environment
- Make learning relevant
- Create a classroom code of conduct
- Factor effecting classroom learning environment
- MATERIAL AND METHOD
1 Nature of the study
2 Population of the study
3 Sample of the study
4 Instruments of the study
5 Data collection procedure
6 Statistical method for data analysis
4 DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION
5 SUMMARIES, FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS
DISCUSSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
5.1 Summary
5.2 Finding
5.3 Discussion
5.4 Recommendation
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY
The world changes schools with the responsibility to respond to and reflect current mores
and trends; however a futures ‘orientation is also needed. The literature refers to the processes to enact this respond-and-lead dynamic as school reform (Ainscow,2005) .schools
are required to undergo reform to at least keep pace with the phenomenal changes in society , technological and social, and in so doing make students not so much in the acquisition and recall of static bodies of knowledge but in problem solving , adaptability, critical
thinking, and digital literacies (Lieberman& pointer mace, 2008).On going, high quality
teacher professional development is the corner-stone of school reform.
The changes in classroom practices demanded by reform visions ultimately rely on teachers‘ preparation and enactment. It is unrealistic however to assume that effective school
reform, relying heavily upon teacher enactment can be achieved without increases in
teacher knowledge.
The improvement of teachers‘ content knowledge and pedagogical – content knowledge
is one of the most important investments of time and funds which system and levels of
government can make in education (Holland,2005).As Ingvarson (2005)pointed out in his
paper‘‘ there are no short cuts to educational improvement. Policy makers and politicians
can have quite naïve expectations about the ease with which educational change can oc-
cur, not understanding that the most significant changes are those that build teacher capacity and professional culture, not structures or curriculum framework.
According to World (WB), UNDP, UNESCO, FBS, Ministry of Educations (2010) Pakistan is spending 2.1%GDP in public sector and literacy rate is 57% in 2009-10. ―Pakistan
guaranteed in achieving am of Universal primary Education by (UPE) 2015 under Education for All (EFA) with minimization of drop-out rate‖ (National Education policy,
2009). The government of Pakistan is provoking to develop the education system in Pakistan through flounce changes in content, teaching methodologies, quality of teachers,
learning environment, training of teaching, directorial and executive staff and other infrastructure. National Education policy (2009) envisages that the some causes of high drop–
out rate and bad standard of classroom environment in Pakistan, is meager infrastructure
of education system where our policy makers incapable to comprehend national and international standards of classroom environment for education (National Education Policy,
2009). Teacher has essential role in applying curriculum, organizational polities and answerable for creation. He is dependable in classroom and out of classroom activities and
responsible to promote confidence and achievements in students.
A promoting classroom learning environment for academic achievements is one
that enable to demonstrate the following abilities: recognize all student‘s potential to
learn and create through constructive and critical thought; appeal to the students‘ intellect (Hilliard, 1997),
Engaging in the practice of knowledge construction through critical reflection and selfassessment; exhibiting collaborative, continuous lifelong learning and demonstrating the
over and active dispositions to manage educational achievement (Burner, 1996; OrlandBank, 2005; and Vygotsky, 1978).
The study refer to make better and convinced learning environment to again the learning
achievement and provide the best opportunity for their teachers to guide the students in
an innovative way to achieve the objective of the society. Transfer of knowledge, culture,
tradition, and social customs to new generation and promote the confident to solve their
problems in a better way in future is the main task of education for all human beings in
the world it is the fact that the investment rather than any business of life .another aspect
that needs to be considered is the students‘ socio-economic status has significant relationship to students‘ achievement.
1.2 Statement of the problem:
There are many researchers, conducted on the learning environment for the better
achievement level of the students .I have also some parameters (teacher competency, student competency, sources, assessment style), to see the level of achievement of the students at secondary level. To see the relationship between these parameters and achievement level of students, student play a vital role in the progress and development of the
country .on the behalf of the above mentioned research there is dire need to see the‘‘ im-
pact of classroom learning environment on the academic achievements at secondary
level, the infrastructure in our instructions is low quality which could not fulfill the needs
of the students as well as teachers for the teaching learning process which caused the
poor results .that‘s why it was very important to create some class room learning environment that enhanced the academic achievement of the students.
1.2 Objectives of the study:
The study was based upon the following objectives:
1) To assess the classroom learning environment of secondary schools included in
the sample.
2) To examine the achievement of secondary level students enrolled in sample
schools
3) To find out the impact of classroom environment on students‘ academic achievements at secondary level.
1.3 Research Questions:
The study aimed at answering the followings questions to achievement the objectives:
What is classroom learning environment?
What is the academic achievements level of students?
What is the impact of classroom learning environment on the academic achievements at secondary level?
1.4 Significance of the Study:
Quality of educations require better classroom learning environment, pedagogical skills
and highly trained staff to fulfill the demands of current innovations and ever changing
scenario. This study will significant due to following reasons. it will help the teachers and
students to enhance the teaching and learning process smoothly. This study will indicate
the parameters and different aspects to make the teaching and learning practices effective
.learning environment will also motivate the atmosphere of educations .this study will be
enabling the teachers to prepare the lessons and learning experience according to the need
of the students.
1.5 Delimitations:
This study delimited to;
The secondary schools of rural urban areas of the two districts
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