INFLUENCE OF INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION ON COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT

INFLUENCE OF INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION ON COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT

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Abstract

The study sought to determine the  of interpersonal communication used by development partners to involve communities in their own development and the changes the development  bring to the lives of the people in the Obot Akara/through the use of communication. Using four purposively selected communities in the Obot Akara. A cross-sectional research design was adopted for the study. Variables relevant to the study were identified and explained through a thorough literature review after which the methodology to solicit the necessary data and information to address the research questions was determined. Both systematic and purposive sampling techniques were used for the study. Primary data obtained from the field were analysed. The study revealed that though development partners communicated to communities on some of the development, the components of development interpersonal communication was not wholly employed. The study also revealed that interpersonal communication was the most common means of interpersonal communication used by development partners to contact communities and this helped in bringing social change to the lives of the people in the Obot Akara/Sekyedumase Municipality. The study established that both development implementers and communities face challenges in sustaining development. However, development implementers did not adopt the three components of development interpersonal communication thus; advocacy, social mobilization and behaviour change interpersonal communication to contact their target beneficiaries. It is therefore recommended that development partners and should develop a interpersonal communication strategy for their development whilst focusing on sustenance of the development.

 

 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

ABSTRACT……………………………………………………………………………. IV

TABLE OF CONTENTS…………………………………………………………….. V

CHAPTER ONE……………………………………………………………………… 1

BACKGROUND TO STUDY…………………………………………………… 1

• Introduction………………………………………………………………………. 1
• Statement of the Problem…………………………………………………….. 2
• Research Questions…………………………………………………………….. 4
• Objectives of the Study……………………………………………………….. 4
• Justification of Study………………………………………………………….. 4
• Scope of the Study……………………………………………………………… 5
• Organization of the study……………………………………………………. 6

CHAPTER TWO……………………………………………………………………. 7

THE ROLE OF interpersonal communication IN SUSTAINING DEVELOPMENT

development – NATURE AND CONCEPTS……………………………… 7

• Introduction………………………………………………………………………. 7
• The Concept of Communication Defined………………………………. 7
  • Theories of Communication……………………………………………. 8
  • Development Communication Theory………………………………. 9
  • Working Definition for Development Communication 10
  • History and Essence of Development Communication………. 11
  • The Process of Communication……………………………………… 13
  • Components of Communication…………………………………….. 14
  • of communication………………………………………………………… 17
• Participatory Communication and Participation………………….. 18
• Development……………………………………………………………………… 24
  • Development Cycle………………………………………………………. 25
• The Concept of Sustenance in Development…………………………. 26
  • Working Definition for Sustenance…………………………………. 28
  • interpersonal communication and development sustenance 28
  • Indicators of Sustained development ……………………………… 30
• Conceptual Framework……………………………………………………… 32
• Summary………………………………………………………………………….. 35

CHAPTER THREE…………………………………………………………………. 36

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY……………………………………………… 36

• Introduction……………………………………………………………………… 36
• Research Type…………………………………………………………………… 36
• Data Type and Source……………………………………………………….. 37
  • Primary Source……………………………………………………………. 37
  • Secondary Data…………………………………………………………… 38
• Sampling Technique………………………………………………………….. 39
• Selection of Study Areas…………………………………………………….. 39
• Determination of the Sample Size……………………………………….. 40
• Unit of Analysis…………………………………………………………………. 42
• Data Analysis and Presentation…………………………………………… 43
• Training of Research Assistants and Pre-Testing of Questionnaire………………………………………………………………………… 43
• The Research Process……………………………………………………….. 43
• Profile of Obot Akara/Sekyedumase………………………………….. 44
  • Location and Size……………………………………………………….. 44
  • Demographic Characteristics……………………………………….. 48
    • Population Size and Growth Rates Size 48
    • Distribution and Density of Population 48
  • Religious Affiliation……………………………………………………. 49
  • Ethnic Composition……………………………………………………. 49
  • Traditional Authorities (TAs) and Structures…………………. 50

CHAPTER FOUR…………………………………………………………………… 50

Analysis of findings and discussions: interpersonal communication in sustaining development     50

• Introduction……………………………………………………………………… 51
• Socio-Economic and Demographic Characteristics of Respondents………………………………………………………. 51
  • Sex, Age and Marital Status of Respondents……………………. 51
  • Educational level, occupation, place of origin and religious affiliation of respondents……………………………………………… 52
• Communication’s Influence on Sustaining Development development………………………………………………………. 54
  • The use of interpersonal communication Involving Communities 55
    • Community’s Involvement in development 57
    • Sustaining Development through Communication 58
    • Problems in Sustaining Development 72
  • Means/of communication…………………………………………………… 73
    • Understanding the interpersonal communication Used in the development 74
  • Communication and Change……………………………………………… 75
  • Summary………………………………………………………………………….. 77

CHAPTER FIVE……………………………………………………………………… 78

SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, RECOMMENDATIONS AND CONCLUSION………………………………………………………………………………………………. 78

• Introduction……………………………………………………………………… 78
• Summary of Findings………………………………………………………… 78
  • Communication’s Influence on development Sustenance 78
  • Communication…………………………………………………………… 79
  • development Bringing Change through Communication       80
• Recommendation………………………………………………………………. 80
• Conclusion………………………………………………………………………… 82

REFERENCES……………………………………………………………………….. 83

 

                                                      CHAPTER ONE

                                                    

1.0 Introduction

It is worthy of note that interpersonal communication is a basic ingredient in human society since it is seen as an exchange ideas and meaning. These are all important phenomena that could take different forms: these include symbolic signs, gestures and language.

Through communication, an individual is able to structure and organize his environment, besides it is an interaction process through which persons or group of people related to each other can share information experience and culture (Jaraweera (1991).

Interpersonal communication messages can only be understood through interpretation of contents on basis of norm, idea, attitudes, value and behavioural pattern prevailing environment of the audience. Whatever society, citizens are not resident in the same such societies, therefore, it is necessary to communicate interpersonally with each other within and outside the community for community development.

Interpersonal communication is a form of interpersonal communication that involves face to face basis. It is through interpersonal communication that one shares experience. It is the exchange of ideas and information between two people. Interpersonal communication also occurs between you and your interpersonal communication you and your community members. In this case you do not keep your ideas to yourself, you share them with someone else, and it could be by telephone or face to face.

Community development has more to do with working together in other to achieve a greater result without stress or suffering it is expected of every member of a community to co-operate with each other to bring out a great result at the end of the day, any good community will do everything to attain a greater height in the course of it growth.

This serves as a strategies tools which provides an in-depth  analysis community structure, staffing level, business processes and resulting levels of development and services, it also help in knowing the inner minds of the people working in the community.

Through interpersonal communication such people relay to the original media message as well as their interpretation, and information therefore, study sought to find out the influence of interpersonal communication in Obot Akara Local community leaders Area, find out how this will help in making the community a plat form for peaceful existence among workers and villagers.

 

Interpersonal communication dominates our activities at home, school, church and communities, market place and almost everywhere. This type of interpersonal communication usually begins with intrapersonal interpersonal communication because you have to really know yourself, thinking of what to tell your community or how to discuss with friends, the ability to communicate with others and make meaning. Intrapersonal interpersonal communication is the interpersonal communication that goes within or inside an individual; it is the basis of all other forms of human communication. It is the exchange of message between the brain and the sense organ of the body. It is the starting and the end point of all communication.

We shop easily through interpersonal communication; marriage is also making possible through this type of interpersonal communication because we get to understand each other through face to face communication.

interpersonal communication involve action from another person, life would have not been so nice if interpersonal communication started and ended with intrapersonal but with interpersonal communication which has really help us to share experience with one another.

Background of the Study

Obot Akara is located in the South East of Nigeria and is a Local community leaders Area in Akwa Ibom State. It was created in 1996 yearnings for more state and Local community leaders during the regime of the late Gen. Sani Abacha.

Thus, on December 4, 1996, in the nationwide broadcast, the late Gen. Sani Abacha then head of state and commander-in-chief of the Federal Republic announced to an anxious nation, the creation of six (6) new states and additional One Hundred and Eighty three (183) Local governments. Thus the birth Obot Akara Local community leaders Area comprising of

Ikot Abia

Nto Edino

Obot Akara Clans

Without prejudice, it would not be wrong to say that Obot Akara Local community leaders was created out of the former Ikot Ekpene Local government area. Obot Akara share boundaries with Essien Udim, Ikono, Ini, Ikot Ekpene and Ikwuano and Isialangwa Local Government in Abia State.

1.2 Statement of the Problem

Community development is often aimed at gathering people of different background to work in other to arrive at a common objective. In every community there is great need for effective form of interpersonal communication to mobilize the people. In almost all communities in Obot Akara Local Government area, it is observed that apart from radio messages which are not effective and adequate, no other prominent form of interpersonal communication to sensitize the people other than interpersonal means of interpersonal communication such as opinion leaders and community leaders.

It is on this premise that this study becomes highly necessary in order to find out the effectiveness of interpersonal communication in community development of Obot Akara local Government  Area.

1.3 Research Questions

• How does interpersonal communication influence development sustenance?
• What are the trends in interpersonal communication used by community leaders during development  activities in the Obot Akara local government area.
• How does interpersonal communication help to promote development in bringing about change to the lives of people?

1.4 Objectives of the Study

As highlighted in the foregoing sections, interpersonal communication can be a key tool that can enhance community participation in decision-making concerning their own well- being. This study therefore focuses on the following objectives;

• To identify how interpersonal communication influences development sustenance using Obot Akara in Nigeria as a case study.
• To identify the interpersonal communication used by community leaders during development  implementation in Obot Akara.
• To identify how interpersonal communication can promote development to help bring change in the lives of the people of Obot Akara.

1.5 Justification of Study

Rural people have lived together over the years and do things in common such as eating and sleeping together, going to the farms together, helping themselves when it comes to farming (Olukotun, 2008) which is popularly termed as “Ndoboa” in the Akan communities among hosts of other things. The way their houses are even built gives room for consultation and sharing of ideas. Common things like roads, schools,

health centres and bridges which are all constructed through communal labour and personal contributions are shared in rural communities. Having lived together all their lives and having shared ideas for a long period of time, it feels odd, if not unacceptable to some of them when they get to know of development  in their communities and have no idea about either its conception or implementation (Komalawati, 2008). The development  are therefore hardly accepted by the communities as their own and such development  in most cases suffer abandonment, limited usage or at best poor maintenance (Olukotun,2008).

This topic was based on the concern that most development  such as boreholes, schools, warehouses, public toilets and several others that are not operational and are poorly maintained by some communities in Nigeria especially after the donors have left. Examples of such communities are Kasei, Samari Nkwanta, Bisiw, Obot akara, Ebuom and Nkwanta all in the Obot Akarain the Akwaibom State of Nigeria. Obot Akara/serves as a good example for this study because of the numerous development  like rural electrification, silos, boreholes, stand pipes and many others which were implemented to solve one problem or the other.

The study which is exploratory in nature ascertains why some of these development  survived and others failed within the same area and the role interpersonal communication played in each case. The study therefore established the importance of interpersonal communication in sustaining development  that are intended to develop communities. The findings of the study are to help development  implementers to appreciate the need to communicate to development  beneficiaries before, during and after implementing development . The study has also added to knowledge. It is to again inform development  implementers on the importance of choosing the right interpersonal communication  to reach their target beneficiaries in times of implementing development .

1.6 Scope of theStudy

 

interpersonal communication is more than transmitting information. It entails advocacy, social mobilization and behaviour change. Mefalopulos, (2008) stated that it is about generating new knowledge and consensus in order to facilitate change. interpersonal communication is not only about raising awareness, informing, persuading, or changing behavior. It is also about listening, exploring, understanding, empowering,

and building consensus for change. This study focused on how interpersonal communication can be used to ensure a development ’s sustenance. It again focused on sponsored development  and programmes in some communities in the Obot Akara/located in the Akwaibom State of Nigeria.

1.7 Organization of thestudy

 

This study was divided into five chapters. Chapter One introduced the research topic, its scope and the statement of the problem. It also shed light on the justification and objectives of the research. Chapter Two outlined what interpersonal communication for development is and how it related to community participation. It also presented a review on the shared thoughts and the work or theories of researchers on the topic. Chapter Three described the methodology used. It basically presented the research philosophical framework that was developed base on literature to answer the research questions. Chapter Four also presented the empirical data gathered via interview, questionnaires, observations, documentation review and some elicitations and their analysis based on some theoretical framework. Chapter Five finalized and concluded the research by describing the most notable conclusions, suggestions and areas to be researched on in the future on how interpersonal communication can ensure a development ’s sustainability.

 

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