PERCEPTION OF STUDENTS ON THE CAUSES OF TRUANCY IN SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN LAPAI TOWN OR LOCAL GOVERNMENT OF NIGER STATE
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Abstract
The study investigated the perception of students on the causes of truancy in secondary schools in Lapai town or Local Government of Niger State. Two hundred randomly selected samples responded to the perception of students on the causes of truancy Questionnaire (PSCOTQ). Data collected were analysed using frequency counts, percentage, t-test and ANOVA Statistics. The results indicated that truancy was viewed as undesirable behaviours that destroys students and education objectives on the comparison, there were no significant differences on the causes of truancy among students as perceived by male and female, less experienced and more experienced and teachers from polygamous and monogamous homes. But there was significant observation on the basis of higher and lower education. In view of the above, it was recommended that guidance and counseling should be made functional in schools to help facilitate desirable behaviours of students.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE PAGES i
CERTIFICATION ii
DEDICATION iii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS iv
ABSTRACT vi
TABLE OF CONTENTS vii
LIST OF TABLES x
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION
Background of the Study 1
Statement of the Study 7
Purpose of the Study 8
Research Questions 9
Research Hypothesis 10
Significance of the Study 10
Scope/Delimitation of the Study 11
Definition of Major Terms 12
CHAPTER TWO: REVIEW OF THE RELATED
LITERATURE
Introduction 14
Definition of Truancy 16
Types of Truancy 18
The Concept of Truancy 20
Causes of Truancy 22
School Factors in Truancy 25
School Phobia 33
Causes of Truancy 35
Effects of Truancy 39
Solving the Problem of Truancy 39
Appraisal of Related Literature 42
CHAPTER THREE: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Introduction 44
Research Design 44
Population of the Study 45
Sample and Sampling Techniques 45
Instrumentation 45
Validity of the Instrument 46
Reliability of the Instrument 47
Administration of the Instrument 48
Procedure for Data Analysis 48
CHAPTER FOUR: RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Results 49
Hypothesis Testing 51
Discussion of Findings 54
CHAPTER FIVE: SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND
RECOMMENDATIONS
Summary 57
Conclusion 58
Recommendations 59
References 60
Appendix 62
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background to the Study
Truancy has been a global problem at every level of education for a long time. In short truancy which is deliberate or reasonable absenteeism from school by the pupil/students occurs at primary, secondary and tertiary levels of education. Truancy is one of the disciplinary acts that is common in our secondary schools. It is not unusual to see students roaming the street during school hours. It is important to note that truancy has negative effects on academic performance of students. A students who does not attend lesson regularly and is not always in the class when other students are being assessed will have himself to blame if he eventually fails. In view of the disciplinary problems in Nigerian secondary schools, many investigations have been carried out on the causes of truancy.
The school is a social organization and as such it has got her established patterns of behaviour expected of all its members. These are expressed in the form of rules and regulations which governs the deeds of the headmaster, the teacher, the pupils and many other groups of personal that work within it. Today, the school like most other social organization, faces the serious problem of its members, mostly the pupils do not conform to the standard behaviour expected. The non-conforming to norms of an organizations is what sociologist refers to as “deviant behaviour”.
Terry G, Thomas j. and Blair et al (2014), they define truancy as a deliberate absence from school for no medical or justifiable reason, with or without parental knowledge. A truant is a pupils who just does not want to go to school and makes plans to do something else. He may go play football, play games or take a trip to another school during school hours. If the activities at school challenge him as much as those outside school, it is certain that he would be no truant. Truancy is one of its aspects and the most common among primary schools pupils and secondary school students. According to Webster’s Dictionary (2011), truancy is the act of a child absenting himself or herself from the school without permission or good reason. From the above definitions, truancy could be taken to mean an act of staying away from school by a child without a good reason.
Perhaps, it is such playing of truancy that has led to the phenomena decline in the standard of primary and secondary education in the last ten years and the attendant increase in the examination mal-practices. Education describes the total process of human learning by which knowledge is imported facilities trained and skills developed. Schooling is only one form in which education is provided. The ideas are implicit in the world education, one is that of leading out into knowledge and experience, the other is that of feeding, thereby producing growth and development. Both of these helpful in understanding what education is and both point to the fact that education is an essential process whereby the adult members of the society guide the development of the younger ones. It is how deviation of the expected roles affects the system that is the forms of this study (Mortensen and schmuller, 2009).
The influence of truancy on academic performance of students cannot be over-emphasized. Students are assessed on a continuous basis. The academic assessment of a student is based on his performance in class. If a student is not always present when other are being assessed, and if he has no genuine reason for his absence, no mark would be recorded for him and this will affect the overall mark for such a student. Continual absence from school can affect a student’s academic record-especially in the cumulative file and this may affect his future career. This is because achievement-oriented people would strive towards accomplishing better future goals in favour of the lesser goals of the present time. A student who knows his future goal should not absent himself from school without genuine reasons. Student who can discover their interests tend to achieve more realistic goals than others who drift about with no interest in what they do. A student who is a truant may not discover his interest on time and would find it difficult reinforcing an interest he has not discovered (Tyerman, 2009).
In view of this fact that he has no interest in coming to school, he would just be drifting about like a ship without a ruder. The causes of truancy may be related to some personality problems affecting individual truants. Some of the causes vary from the home, school, society and personal traits of individual truants.
1.2 Statement of the Problem
The objective of secondary school education in Nigeria is to provide students with academic and vocational skills as well as moral ethics but it is quite unfortunate that these objectives have not been fully achieved due to the high level of students’ involvement in truant behaviour. In recent times, truancy has become a regular habit among students. There are so many causes of students poor academic performance in schools, some students put up non-chalant attitude to academic work and no longer regard teachers as people representing the authority. They prefer to roam the streets rather than face their work in school. During school hours, they go out to watch inter-house sports competition in other schools even when their schools are not invited, while their co-students are learning in the school. The introduction of ‘exeat cards’ in schools has helped to curb this act a bit. Truancy is accompanied with many maladjustive behaviours which have negative effects on the performance of the affected students. This is not only affect the school of the individual but many consequently affect the society on the long run. It is asserted that truancy is a stumbling book in effective school which administration truancy apart from effect of low academic achievement may lead to school dropout. This is why this study is interested in investigating the perception of students on the causes of truancy in secondary schools in Lapai town or Local Government of Niger State.
1.3 Purpose of the Study
The purpose of the study was to investigate the perception of students on the causes of truancy in secondary schools in Lapai town or Local Government of Niger State. The specific objectives are to:
- Find out whether the in fluency of truancy among students as perceived by secondary school students determine by gender, age, level of education and family status.
- Ascertain the perceived level of truancy between male and female students.
- Examine the difference in truancy among students as perceived by secondary school students from polygamous and monogamous parents.
- Determine the difference in truancy among students as perceived by secondary school students from illiterate and literate parents.
- Research Questions
The following questions were formulated to provide the study:
- Is there any difference in the causes of truancy among students as perceived by secondary school male and female students?
- Is there any difference of in truancy in the causes among students as perceived by secondary school students of old and young students?
- Is there any different in the cause’s truancy among students as perceived by secondary school students from illiterate and literature parents?
- Is there any difference in the causes of truancy among students as perceived by secondary school students from polygamous and monogamous parents?
1.5 Research Hypothesis
The following hypothesis were tested in the study:
H01: There is no significant difference in the causes of truancy among students as perceived by secondary school male and female students.
H02: There is no significant difference in the causes of truancy among students as perceived by secondary school teachers of old and young students.
H03: There is no significant difference in the causes of truancy among students as perceived by secondary school students from illiterate and literate parents.
H04: There is no significant difference in the causes of truancy among students as perceived by secondary school students from on polygamous and monogamous parents.
1.6 Significance of the Study
The truancy homogenous in schools has been discovered to affect adolescent in schools in many ways. One of it is to keep an individual way from taking full advantage of educational opportunities. The study of this nature has the advantage of giving information on the prevalence and the extent of causes on the individual students.
The outcome of this study may be beneficial to school teachers’ administrators and parents who may be on check out for such maladaptive behaviours of students.
The school counselors will be advantageous by assisting students to adjust positively. Thereby minimizing or eliminating truancy in the school.
It will also encourage government and philanthropist in the management of school such as paying, teacher salaries and other remuneration promptly.
1.7 Scope/Delimitation of the Study
The study covered some selected secondary schools in Lapai town or Local Government of Niger State. These are only senior secondary 2 and 3 participants because they are matured to answer any question asked them. The study deals mainly with truancy and also tries to see if non-truants are better academically than truants.
Although there are many network of factors that affects students’ performance in examination, this study is basically concerned with causes of truancy on academic performance of students in Lapai town or Local Government.
1.8 Definition of Terms
Absenteeism: Is the practice of being absent from school work or other regular duty frequently and without good reason.
Causes: This means the reasons behind the behaviour of truancy among secondary school students. The causes could be few or many.
Delinquency: Is the act of wrongdoing
Deviant: To turn aside or wonder from common or right
Secondary School Students: This means some selected secondary schools are not all the schools in Ilorin Metropolis.
Truancy: Is an act of not wanting to go to school and making plan to do something else, it is one of the commonest deviant behaviour of the school children.
Truants: Is any student who is absent from schools or classes without the consent of the school authorities for many occasions way.
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