THE IMPACT OF STRIKE ACTION ON THE ACHIEVEMENT OF TRADE UNION OBJECTIVE
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CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY
Strike action is viewed as a global phenomena due to its frequency worldwide (Olusegun Ajayi, 2014). Strike action has continued to imperil labor turnover, which would have placed Nigeria on the list of developed countries. However, strike actions in Nigeria take various shapes and patterns. Even after the federal government implemented labour legislation to preserve industrial peace in Nigeria, strikes remain a common occurrence. Employees occasionally make statements threatening to go on strike if their bosses do not meet specific demands. This could take months and divert the attention of both companies and employees away from enhancing production (Abdullahi, 2013).
An industrial action, often known as a labor strike or strike, is a work stoppage brought on by a large-scale employee refusal to report for duty. Typically, a strike is called in response to complaints from employees. During the Industrial Revolution, strikes gained significance as the use of mass labor in factories and mines increased. Since factory owners had far more political clout than workers, they were quietly made illegal in the majority of countries. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, striking became largely lawful in the majority of western countries.
Strikes are occasionally used as a tool to compel the government to alter its policies. Every now and then, a strike topples the authority of a specific political party or leader. In these situations, strikes frequently constitute a component of a larger social movement that takes the shape of a civil resistance movement. Two noteworthy examples are the first general strike in Nigeria in 1945 and the 1932 work stoppage by indigenous railway workers led by Pa Michael Imodu during the colonial era. Since 1970, workers’ demands for better working conditions and pay have led to an upsurge in strike actions. This is because, despite economic downturns, management frequently fails to appropriately address the requirements and requests of the workforce.
A strike is a brief cessation of labor in response to a demand or grievance. In reality, nevertheless, it has proven challenging to distinguish strikes from other industrial dispute expression methods since both employer-initiated lockouts and worker-initiated strikes are common. It is more beneficial to see both phenomena as integral components of the conflict rather than as diametrically opposed. A strike rarely happens over a single problem because problems that are readily visible often have multiple unnoticed causes that have led to unhappiness since their solutions have taken a while to materialize.
The actual occurrence of a strike is contingent upon various elements, one of which is the current state of affairs. This further demonstrates the rarity of spontaneous strikes, particularly given the lack of assurance that workers will choose to choose strike action over alternative kinds of industrial action. Every time there is a strike, there is a significant loss of man-hour. The first nationwide strike in 1945 and the 1993 ASU strike, which forced the country’s universities to close for a few months and negatively impacted postsecondary education, are two examples of this. The Nigeria Labour Congress, NLC, and Trade Union Congress, TUC, the two major umbrella bodies of workers union in Nigeria mobilized workers for an indefinite strike action which commenced on Monday, 9th January, 2012 to drive home the protest against the fuel subsidy removal of January 1st 2012.
On January 1st, 2012, the Nigerian government eliminated fuel subsidies by raising the price of gasoline per liter from N65 to N141. The country’s economy was severely impacted by this statewide strike, which resulted in an 82 percent decrease in trade activity on the Nigeria Stock Exchange (NSE), grounded domestic aircraft, and difficulties lifting crude oil. The strike had a significant impact on the main economic sector, as the NSE’s trading operations fell by 80%. Banks obeyed the strike order and closed, while the NSE continued to operate normally. However, there were just 20 trades totaling 46.06 million shares at the closing of trading. This is a significant reduction when compared with an average 262 million shares worth about N1.05 billion traded in 2,509 deals the previous week.
To name a few, the Nigeria Labour Congress (NLC) has spearheaded several nationwide strikes in the past. The Nigeria Labour Congress issued an ultimatum to the Federal government in 2004 demanding that it either rescind the unpopular fuel tax or face a nationwide protest strike. The organization threatened a national strike over government policies, even though the Federal High Court had ruled in a previous case that it lacked the legal authority to do so. In light of this, the research aims to determine how strike action affects the accomplishment of trade union goals in Nigeria’s public and private sectors, as well as how workers, through their representatives in the trade union, influence management policies and decisions in a way that enhances efficiency and preserves good industrial relations, peace, and harmony at work. However, the focus of this study will be on the reasons behind strikes, including their effects and implications for the accomplishment of trade union goals.
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