EFFECT OF DIVORCE ON ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS’ MUSHIN LGA IN LAGOS, NIGERIA.
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ABSTRACT
The study investigated the influence of divorce on the academic performance of secondary school students in Ilorin Metropolis. It also compared students’ responses by sex, age and religions.
Data were collected from 200 selected students through influence of Divorce on students’ performance Questionnaire (IDSPQ). It also obtained students results in promotion examinations to senior secondary school in English Language. Data collected were analysed using frequency counts, percentage and t-test.
The results indicated that students schooling were negatively influenced. It further showed that significant differences were observed on the basis of sex and religions. However, no significant difference was found on the basis of age group.
In view of the findings, it was recommended that marital counselling should be established to assist couples experiencing instability and guidance and counselling should be established in schools to educate them on the need for compatibility in marriage and to help children from that family cope with school situations.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CONTENTS PAGE
TITLE PAGE i
APPROVAL PAGE ii
DEDICATION iii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT iv
ABSTRACT vi
TABLE OF CONTENTS vii
LIST OF TABLES x
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION
Background to the Study 1
Statement of the Problem 5
Purpose of the Study 6
General Question 7
Research Questions 7
Research Hypotheses 8
Significance of the Study 9
Delimitation and Scope of the Study 10
Definition of Terms Operational 10
CHAPTER TWO: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
Concept of Divorce 12
Cause of Divorce 14
Effect of Marital Instability and Divorce 35
Solution to Marital Instability and Divorce 42
Appraisal of the Literature Reviewed 43
CHAPTER THREE: RESEARCH METHOD
Research Design 45
Population of the Study 45
Sample and Sampling Techniques 46
Instrumentation 46
Validity of the Instrument 47
Reliability of the Instrument 48
Method of Data Collection 48
Method of Data Analysis 49
CHAPTER FOUR: RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Results 50
Hypotheses Testing 52
Discussion of Findings 54
CHAPTER FIVE: SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Summary 56
Conclusion 57
Implication of the study 58
Recommendations 59
Limitations of the Study 61
Suggestions for further Studies 61
References 62
Appendix 64
LIST OF TABLES
Table 1: Distribution of Respondents by Sex 50
Table 2: Distribution of Respondents by Age Group 51
Table 3: Distribution of Respondents by Religions 51
Table 4: t-test analysis comparing responses by Sex 52
Table 5: t-test analysis comparing responses by Age 53
Table 6: t-test analysis comparing responses by Religion 54
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background to the Study
Nigerian secondary school children are faced with many challenges. According to (Oladapo, 2000), many children suffer abuse in various forms such as neglect, abandonment and starvation. Some are also victims of broken homes and poor laden families as a result of which many of them are brought up by in unfavourable condition. Some are brought up by either a single parent home or by guardians in deplorable condition. The so-called parents have little or no time for the welfare of their wards or children.
This growing concern in the society seems to be the effect of the marital instability on the behavioural and learning problems of the children. Ayeni (2002) asserted that these could not be without any adverse effect on the child’s development and may lead to juvenile delinquency, drug abuse, theft, poor academic performance and achievement and school dropout.
Nwaomiu (2010) attributed poor academic performance the child’s background. This refers to the family or environment in which the child was raised. They found differently that children from stable homes were of great advantage and thus, performed better than those from unstable homes. Oladapo (2000) described the family as a social, psychological and academic entity. It is social because it contains a group of people who function together as a unit; psychologically, each members has needs, feelings and attitudes which are of importance to themselves and to the family and as an academic entity, it provides a wide range of services for its members.
Within the family, parents are expected to provide a wealth of materials for role-playing. They transmit behaviour traits, attitudes and value system, which are basic to specific roles. Jibril (1996) maintained that a child may not have problem if: –
- His or her psychological needs are satisfied;
- There is clearly delimitation of acceptable behaviours and
- The rules and regulation which the child is called up to meet are fair and attainable.
According to new encyclopaedia Britannica (1992), the role of both the father and mother is very important in the life of a child. In Nigeria, distinction is made between a biological parent and a social parent, with the former birthing the child and the latter, raising the child and acting as mother and father in affective form. Under whatever parental condition, the child needs harmonious relationships to be able to function normally and properly in the society. In other words, if the parents are competent and loving in child rearing, it follows that such parents are a bonus to the child’s healthy growth.
The quality of parental relationship has been found to be significant to the social and harmonious development of the child. This was why (Oladapo, 2002) suggested that marital instability is associated with anti-social behaviours and other emotional disturbances in children. Makinde (2003) noted that children from unstable families are deprived of parental attention, which may lead to negative effects such as delinquency, truancy and dropping out from school. He further explained that they are unhappy and helpless victim of parental mistakes on which they have little or no control over such destinies.
Personal experience has also shown that such children may face problem of step mothers who came into their lives as a result of problems between their parents. They may therefore; lack the necessities to enable them perform well academically and morally in schools. Furthermore, late payment of school fees (if paid at all) rather than lateness to the school would be the order of the day. Bangudu Local Government Area of Zamfara is predominantly a rural community. It has also dominated by polygamous families which Idowu (2004) described as frequently turbulent and inhabitable as many students in the secondary school are from these unstable families. It is therefore, not out of place to investigate the influence of broken home on student’s academic performance in Mushin LGA.
1.2 Statement of the Problem
Children from disharmonious families face many problems which could affect their schooling and academic performance. For example, witnessing constant quarrels between their parents, not having good school dress or may lack school materials to function well academically (Oladapo, 2000). This may not augur well and such children may face difficulty in school.
Many research studies (such as Nwaomu 2000; Jubril 2006; Obayan and Kareem 2002, etc) concentrated on social, emotional, psychological or behavioural problems affecting children in their homes. None of these studies show the influence of divorce on academic performance of children. This is seen as a gap of which this study, intends to cover. Thus, the study investigated the impact/influence of divorce on the academic performance of students in Mushin LGA.
1.3 Purpose of the Study
The purpose of the study is to investigate the influence of marital instability on the academic performance of students in Mushin LGA. The study also seeks to investigate if: –
- There is any difference in the influence of divorce on the academic of the male and female secondary school students.
- There is any difference in the influence of divorce on academic performance of young and old secondary school students?
- There is any difference in the influence of divorce on academic performance of Muslim and Christian secondary students?
1.4 General Question
What are the influences of divorce on the behaviours of their children in secondary school in Mushin LGA?
1.4.1 Research Questions
In view of the problems of the study, the following research questions were raised.
Will marital instability influence children’s academic performance of secondary school students in Mushin LGA?
- Is there any difference in the influence of divorce on the academic of the male and female secondary school students?
- Is there any difference in the influence of divorce on the academic of the young and old secondary school students?
- Is there any difference in the influence of divorce on the academic of the Muslim and Christian secondary school students?
1.5 Research Hypotheses
- There is no significant difference in the influence of divorce on the academic of the male and female secondary school students.
- There is no significant difference in the influence of divorce on academic performance of young and old secondary school students?
- There is no significant difference in the influence of divorce on academic performance of Muslim and Christian secondary sch1ool students?
1.6 Significance of the Study
The increasing day to day search for stable and happy home is universal. This is borne out of the desire to prevent complete break down and to avoid the effects, particularly on the children. The psychological and educational problem confronting children from unstable homes need to be studied so that adequate preventive and corrective measures could be suggested.
Furthermore, the high number of unstable homes leaves the problem unresolved. From all these, there is need to look into specific problems like poor academic performance of students in these homes as this may go a long way to assist in finding lasting solutions to the problems. Awareness of the negative influence of marital instability may prevent or minimize such incidence. This study may serve as information to counsellors, psychologists and social workers who deal with problems as these. This knowledge may help them to formulate strategies to deal or solve such problems.
Finally, the study may contribute to the existing studies by adding to the document in the area. Thus scholars, researcher and students may find the materials useful as reference in their further studies.
1.7 Delimitation and Scope of the Study
The study investigated the influence of divorce on the academic performance of secondary school in Mushin LGA. It is limited to the selected students who responded to the questionnaire.
1.8 Operational Definition of Terms
The following terms are defined as they are used in this study.
Marital Instability: Strain and streets of relationship which may or may not involve separation.
Academic Performance: Scores obtained from student examination.
Divorce: This is the legal ending of a marriage so that the couple involved in the total separation can re-marry if they so much desire.
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