Globalization On Nigeria’s National Sovereignty

GLOBALIZATION ON NIGERIA’S NATIONAL SOVEREIGNTY (A CASE STUDY OF THE NIGERIA- BENIN BORDER)

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Abstract

The research was centered on an in-depth examination and analysis of the impact of globalization  on Nigeria’s national sovereignty, using a case study of the Nigeria- Benin border. Globalization and technical improvements are also described in the study not only as drivers of positive change, but also as important forces leading to the occurrence of transnational dangers due to their ability to reduce state borders. As a result of technology improvements, the networking that now exists between most criminal groups around the world is far greater than was previously acknowledged. The research also identifies the various ills associated with these threats, their impact on the individual and national level, and emphasizes the need and methods for providing the state with adequate border sovereignty control or management in order to fend off all manners of smuggling and illegal migration, which will have catastrophic consequences for our national sovereignty.

 

 

TABLE OF CONTENT

ABSTRACT

CHAPTER ONE  INTRODUCTION

1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

1.3. OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

1.4. RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS

1.5. SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY

CHAPTER TWO LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 INTRODUCTION

2.2 CONCEPT OF GLOBALISATION

GLOBALISATION AND TERRORISM

GLOBALISATION AND TRANSNATIONAL THREATS

TRANSNATIONAL ORGANISED CRIME ACROSS THE NIGERIA AND INTERNATIONAL BORDERS

HUMAN TRAFFICKING

TRAFFICKING AND SMUGGLING IN DRUGS

5.5 TRAFFICKING AND PROLIFERATION OF ARMS AND WEAPONS

NATIONAL SOVEREIGNTY

CORRUPTION AND TRANSNATIONAL THREATS

CHAPTER THREE RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

3.1          INTRODUCTION

3.2. RESEARCH DESIGN

3.3 POPULATION OF THE STUDY

3.4 SAMPLING AND SAMPLING PROCEDURE

3.5 RESEARCH INSTRUMENT

3.6 DATA SOURCES

3.7 METHODS OF DATA ANALYSIS

CHAPTER FOUR DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS

4.1          INTRODUCTION

4.3 DATA ANALYSIS

4.4          TEST OF HYPOTHESES USING ANALYSIS OF REGRESSION RESULTS\

4.4          SUMMARY OF FINDINGS

CHAPTER FIVE SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

SUMMARY

CONCLUSION

RECOMMENDATIONS

 

 

                                    

 

CHAPTER ONE

 INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the study

While there is a solid international order among states, the world is not peaceful. Globalization and the development of communication technology have resulted in the emergence of new sovereignty-related concerns that are largely independent of national borders. As a result, every country in the world is fighting a new sort of war, because the principal dangers to national sovereignty have shifted fundamentally. They are no longer the result of territorial and ideological conflicts between country governments, but of how far globalization, technical threats, and criminal networks have advanced to confront nation states (Zalur & Zeckhauser 2002).

In Nigeria now, war appears to be ongoing and intractable; also, after a decade of complacency, we appear to be finally realizing that we are battling for existence in the face of catastrophic threats. As a result, discussions on Nigerian National Sovereignty have progressed quickly because the sovereignty environment in which we live is dynamic and uncertain, replete with a slew of transnational threats and challenges that have the potential to become more lethal (Pandya & Laipon, 2008:39).

The emerging scenario of these transnational threats, which are not bound by national borders and consist of a seemingly endless list of risk factors ranging from various transnational crimes such as terrorism, human and drug trafficking, money laundering, and so on, to widespread environmental degradation, diseases, climate change, and even political policies that may threaten our nation’s sovereignty (Brainard & Halon, 2004), has further challenged the conundrum. Now, the notion of national sovereignty captures the traditional sovereignty and human sovereignty. National sovereignty is now perceived as total sovereignty – sovereignty of life and property, sovereignty of the economy and the economic resource areas of the country, sovereignty of food and raw materials resources, of general health of the people, of environment and national integrity, and preservation of all that society considers to be important and valuable (Imobighe, 2000).

Globalization and improved technology have resulted in the deterioration of our borders, making Nigeria more vulnerable to external attacks and endangering our national sovereignty. The Nigeria-Benin border, located in the west of our country, is infamous for all manner of illegal trans-border activity. As a result, because these activities are the most widespread across the Nigeria-Benin border, this research will aim to explore human and drug trafficking, smuggling of goods, and weaponry proliferation, as well as the threats they pose to Nigerian national sovereignty. The dilemmas that Nigeria faces with insecurities call for critical investigation of border entry points whether they are performing their strategic functions (Willie, 2008).

1.2 statement of the problem

Globalization has significant ramifications for sovereignty. Most alarmingly, as a result of the expansion of knowledge, the dispersion of advanced technology, and the mobility of people, a variety of hazards have grown global in scale and more serious in their effects. These same trends, when paired with rising global economic connections, lead to some of the issues and resentments at the heart of these sovereignty threats. However, many of the same elements of globalization provide new chances for economic progress and democracy, thereby mitigating the risks and some of their underlying causes. The dangers were clearly manifested in the September 11th terrorist attacks, which showed how the Al Qaeda organization was able effectively to exploit new communications technologies, global financial networks, and the ease of movements of people. The international community’s response has also profited from some of globalization’s benefits, most notably technological developments in communications and military armament. While it is too early to determine conclusively, the impact of these attacks may be to slow some of the globalizing trends, as financial dealings are scrutinized more closely and sovereignty measures limit people’s movement. The purpose of this study is neither to investigate the many questions presented by the September 11th terrorist attacks, nor is it to evaluate the relationship between terrorism and globalization.

1.3. Objectives of the Study

The specific or the main objectives of carrying out this research work includes:

1. To examine the nature and dynamics of transnational threats.
2. To examine the peculiar transnational threats pronging the Nigeria – Benin border.
3. To explore the impacts of transnational threat to Nigeria’s national sovereignty
4. To inform policy that will isolate Nigeria from transnational threats.

1.4. Research Hypothesis

Hypothesis is a tentative generation, the validity of which remains to be tested. In its most elementary stage the hypothesis may be any hunch, guess, imaginative idea, which becomes basis for action or investigation.

To achieve the desired objective, the research has the following declarative hypothesis to validate or invalidate at the end of the research.

1. Globalization trends increases incidence of transnational threats
2. The weakness of the state tends to engender transnational threats
3. Nigeria border sovereignty tends to be hampered by transnational threats
4. The higher the level of globalization and transnational threat the poorer the state of national sovereignty.

1.5. Scope and Limitations of the Study

This research will be limited to the major transnational crimes along the Nigeria – Benin border. They include smuggling and trafficking in arms and weapons, drugs, humans and goods such as cars and  petroleum products. The study will analyze and examine these transnational threats and how they affect our national sovereignty. However in the course of this research, the researcher may exceed the boundary of his study as an instrument of explanation. A study like this will have limitation such as time constraints, finances, mobility to acquire adequate materials and literature on the subject matter under study.

 

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