CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Home owners all over the world are beginning to take precautionary steps to secure their properties and lives from violent criminals, burglars and intruders. The most common entry points like doors and windows are usually protected with tamper-proof security circuits that break when a forced entry is attempted. Interior spaces containing valuables like art, computers, coin collections, guns and jewelries are usually protected with motion sensors that trigger an alarm when it senses movement within the space. Security systems are usually a combination of several devices that form an electro-mechanical shield around the valuable or property they protect. Most security systems have a control panel that coordinates and receives information from the sensors that are deployed around the home. The control panel receives electrical signals from doors/window sensors, the interior/exterior motion sensors, wired/wireless security cameras and uses the information got to decide if it is necessary to trigger a high-decibel siren or alarm. In some few cases a yard sign or window sticker indicating that a house is covered by a security system can be used to scare off potential intruders [A. Upasan, 2005].

The security system in homes can be controlled remotely using a mobile device or a remote control called Key Fobs. The control panel arms or disarms the alarm system and is also responsible for alerting home owners, key holders, security companies or the police of an invasion or intrusion. Windows and doors are usually protected using two separate circuits. Apart of the circuit is placed on the window and door [P.B. Patel et al, 2016]. The other part of the circuit is placed on the windowsill and door frame. The two separate circuits form a complete circuit when they are joined together by the closing of the window and door. This provides a means of protecting the doors and windows from intruders or burglars. Motion sensors are usually used to protect internal and external spaces within the home using an invisible zone that triggers an alarm whenever it is breached. Security cameras can be used to monitor hard to see places, remote buildings, entry points, children and delivery personnel. The security camera also comes very handy whenever there is no one in the house. But, due to the long hours of recordings made by video surveillance systems, it takes an enormous amount of human effort and time to comprehensively review it. Burglary alarm system helps with the finding of incidents within a stretch of video recordings that warrants more scrutiny. Burglary alarm insecurity systems has the capability to alert security personnel or selected key holder to incidents based on how the incident triggering parameters are set. The proposed Burglary Alarm System uses wireless anti-intruder monitoring and alarm system provided a cloud enabled security system that makes use of the human face and the location of sensed motion to form a basic analytic that informs the home owner and designated key holders of an intrusion on their property through an application that the home owner and keyholders can use to trigger the high decibel alarm in the event that a security threat is a real one.

1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

Nowadays, the alarm system for home security is very important to every house because there are have a lot of robbery cases happen in everywhere. This alarm system actually can alert a resident from any intruder. It is important to safeguard the homes on everyday basis, especially when resident travels or away for certain period of time. So, before making any travel, residents must make sure that their homes are save to leave. That why is a security system was created to solve of this problem. In another word, this system is an investment for the peace of the residents. The security means the life of the people is being
protected against danger, loss, and criminals. In the general sense, security is a concept similar to safety. So, when using this system, it will make the home and life of the residents more safely from any intruders.

1.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

This project is aimed at designing, simulating and implanting a cheap and reliable alarm system using Small Scale Integrated and Medium Scale Integrated chips that can detect and warn on external intrusion. The system has to satisfy the following:

1. Ensure the security of an office by deterring person intending to burglar and warning the occupants of office of any unauthorized entry into their
2. design the circuits for the alarm controller and the sensor modules;
3. integrate the microcontroller and the sensor modules into a whole functional device;
4. validate the device’s security and authentication.

1.4 SCOPE OF THE STUDY

For this system, the alarm will be switched on under the following different conditions. First, when light falls on the LDR1 (at back door of the premises). Secondly, when laser that focus on LDR2 is obstructed from the intruder’s shadow. Third is, the alarm will operate when the door, windows and step detector that acts as a switch is open. This project is concerned about designing alarm system that detects the intruder. It is to control the system with Integrated circuit (IC) that is included in the circuit. IC will receive the signal from the sensors mechanism and then a relay will be energized to operate the alarm system. This project will be used IC NE 556. In addition, it will be used voltage regulator, sensors, alarm and other components.

1.5 Significance of the Study

          The study offers an improved monitoring system designed to cost less which does not specialize only in security by detecting burglars but also in monitoring the safety of homes against possible fire outbreaks by detecting gas leakages and presence of fire. Any detection of the modular sensors will be notified or alerted to the home owners through SMS messaging even if away from home so actions might be taken to delay such misfortunes and respond accordingly to the scene may it be by the security companies, fire agencies, or other insurance agencies if the reality of the event is validated.

          The study also improves safety by the new feature which can send notifications regularly of the home status to be aware of the possible occurrences depending on the data acquired through the sensors.

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