EFFECT OF CRUSHED CONCRETE AS COARSE AGGREGATES IN PRODUCTION OF CONCRETE
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ABSTRACT
In the face of a possible scarcity of natural aggregates in the future in line with sustainable construction, this research investigates the feasibility of the use of recycled coarse aggregates as an alternative to natural coarse aggregates in structural concrete. The recycled coarse aggregate used in the research was processed from waste concrete. The percentage of recycled coarse aggregates by weight of all in aggregates in the test mixes were 0%, 5% 10% 20% and 30 % respectively. The properties of both natural and recycled coarse aggregates and the fresh and hardened properties of both control and trial concrete mixes were investigated. The results showed that the recycled coarse aggregates had poor mechanical and physical properties. Aggregate Impact Value, Aggregate Crushing Value, Compressive strength were lowered with an increase in recycle aggregate content. The recycled coarse aggregates (RCA) had little influence on the hardened density of concrete and an increase in recycled aggregate content led to a decrease in capacity.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLED PAGE
CERTIFICATION ii
DEDICATION iii
ACKNOWLEDGMENT iv
ABSTRACT v
TABLE OF CONTENT vi
LIST OF TABLE ix
LIST OF FIGURE x
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION
1.3 Justification of the study 4
1.4 Scope of the study 5
CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW
2.0 Literature Review 6
2.1 Crushed Aggregate Concrete 7
2.3 Classification of Aggregate 8
2.4 Sources of crushed Aggregates 8
2.5 Material Properties 9
2.5.1Water 9
2.5.2Cement 9
2.5.3 Fine Aggregate 10
CHAPTER THREE: METHODOLOGY
3.0 Research Methodology 11
3.1 Slump test 11
3.3 Compressive strength Test 13
3.4 Aggregate Impact Value Test 13
3.5 Sieve Analysis 14
3.6 Water Absorption 14
3.6 Materials Used 14
CHAPTER FOUR: RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
4.0 Results and Disucussion 15
4.1Aggregate Impact Value and Aggregate Crushing Value 15
4.2 Sieve Analysis of Fine Aggregate 17
4.2.1 Sieve Analysis 19
4.3 Sieve Analysis of coarse Aggregate 21
4.4 Compressive strength of Natural Aggregate (Granite) 23
4.5 Water Absorption Rate 29
CHAPTER FIVE: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Reference
CHAPTER ONE
INTROUDUCTION
1.0 Background to the study
Construction and Demolition Waste (C&D) is produced during new construction, refurbishment or renovation of buildings. Demolition waste includes materials from complete building removal as well as partial removals when aspects of the buildings are retained. Construction and Demolition waste includes bricks, concrete, masonry, soil, rocks, lumber, paving materials glass, plastics, aluminum, steel, drywall (gypsum), plywood (formwork), plumbing fixtures, electrical, and roofing materials. Construction and Demolition waste will have increased from time to time proportionate with the development of the town and country. Thus, the necessity of finding appropriate solution to construction and Demolition waste destination must be clear. Reducing, reusing and recycling appear to be profitable alternatives that will increase the lifetime of landfills and reduce exploration of natural resources (Ryu, 2002).
Aggregate is a mixture of materials in the concrete mix. It is a mixture of basic material in which the content consists of three fourths of the concrete mix. In addition to the concrete mix materials are composed of water, cement and additives, if necessary. Because the total quantity of aggregate in a concrete mixture is large, the strength and durability of a concrete depends on the characteristics aggregate itself. Among the key features of an aggregate is the strength of compressive and bond strength, size, shape and surface, the permeability and reactions to chemicals. Besides the physical properties of an aggregate such as relative density, density loam, porosity and absorption of moisture, soundness and resistance to acid and alkali attack also affect the strength. Although however, it is known that concrete strength decreases with increasing water ratio and the ratio of the design in terms of a ratio of cement to aggregate. (Athanas, 2011).
Aggregates can be classified into two classes of coarse aggregate and fine aggregate (sand). Classification is based on the aggregate size where the size of the aggregate Gross is more than 5.0 mm while the size of the fine aggregate shall not exceed 5.0 mm. in concrete mixture, the quantity of both is different classes of aggregate based on the desired design strength of concrete. Normally, the strength of a concrete can be determined through water content and the quality of cement. Besides other conditions that affect the catalyst, temperature, type of mould and more. For the aggregate size, it affects concrete strength indirectly. Up to now be used in aggregate for produce concrete is appropriate use of concrete. Here, the possibility of new aggregates exist and need to be tested to ensure use appropriate or at least have a function similar to the existing aggregate. In Malaysia, the construction waste has course a significant impact on the environment and also increasing the concern a significant impact on the environment and also increasing the concern of the society (Chetna, 2006).
1.1 Problem Statement
The main problem of this is to determine whether these crushed concrete can be re-used for construction or for production of new concrete.
Construction and Demolition materials can be recovered through reuse and recycling. The choice of what and how construction and demolition materials can be recovered depends on many factors including type of project, working area and space on the site, cost effectiveness of recovery, project timeline and experience of contractor (Limbachiya, 2000). Many building materials from demolition projects and can be reused as part of the materials to construct a new building for a new project, which will then, involve both the construction and demolition activities. In order to ensure that certain building materials from demolition activities may be reusable, the planners or designer should design the new building with the same size and types of materials as in the old construction.
One of the major challenges of our present society is the protection of environment. Some of the important elements in this respect are the reduction of the consumption of energy and natural raw materials and consumption of waste materials. These topics are getting considerable attention under sustainable development nowadays. The use of recycled aggregates from construction and demolition wastes is showing prospective application in construction as alternative to primary (natural) aggregates. It conserves natural resources and reduces the space required for the landfill disposal.
1.2 AIM AND OBJECTIVES
Aim:
The aim of this research work is to investigate the impact of crushed concrete in production of new concrete.
Objectives:
- To determine the physical and mechanical properties of aggregate.
- To investigate the influence of varying percentage of crushed concrete on the mechanical properties of concrete.
1.3 JUSTIFICATION OF THE STUDY
In recent years, concrete has diversified its production. Condition this affects the aggregate consumption indirectly. In addition, demand against increasing the concrete economic conditions are good with increase of aggregate demand. In these situations, it is not appropriate to rely on one source of aggregate with continuing increase in demand and it will cause the shortage by natural aggregate in future. Thus, several alternatives should be established for the preparation of the possible effects on the aggregate demand in the future.
There are few studies have undertaken to produce a new aggregate. Most of the newly generated aggregate consists of waste materials such as glass, tires, broken bricks, concrete and other waste again and some of the results of this study have been practiced in the construction industry.
Therefore, this study examined the effectiveness of the use of crushed concrete produced from concrete waste in order to test the suitability and strength. It is hoped that this study will be the beginning of efforts to use recycled aggregate in construction material in the future.
1.4 SCOPE OF THE STUDY
The scope of this research work is to determine the effect of crushed concrete as coarse aggregate in the production of new concrete.
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