THE VISION OF ENSLAVEMENT IN FLORA NWAPA’S ONE IS ENOUGH AND BUCHI EMECHETA’S THE SLAVE GIRL
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CHAPTER ONE
1.1 Introduction
The vision of enslavement is a phrase derived from two independent words – vision and enslavement; where vision is referred to the power of seeing or imagining, looking ahead, grasping the truth that underlies facts; or something seen, especially by the minds of eye or the power of imagination. While enslavement is simply the state of being in slavery, servitude or bondage with no right or power of free living. Slavery is then defined as a legal or economic system in which principles of property law are applied to humans, allowing them to be classified as property, to be owned, bought and sold accordingly, and they cannot withdraw unilaterally from the arrangement.
While a person is enslaved, these owners are entitled to the productivity of the slave’s labour, without any remuneration. The rights and protection of the slave may be regulated by laws and customs in a particular time of their capture, purchase or birth.
Today, chattel slavery in unlawful in all countries, but a person may still be described as a slave if he or she is forced to work for another person without an ability on the worker’s part to unilaterally terminate the arrangement. Such situations are today commonly referred to as “practices similar to slavery”. But the present form of the slave trade is commonly referred to as human trafficking. Slavery existed before written history and in many cultures. It was once institutionally recognized by most societies, but has now been outlawed in all recognized countries, the last being Mauritania in 2007. Chattel slavery is still practiced in areas controlled by Isis. In other areas, slavery continues through such practices as debt bondage, serfdom, domestic servants kept in captivity, certain adoptions in which children are forced to work as slaves, child soldiers, human trafficking and forced marriage. Accordingly, there are more slaves today than at any time in history with estimated 45 million slaves worldwide.
Charles Rappleye argues that in the west Indies in particular, but also in North and South America, slavery was the engine that drives the mercantile empire of Europe. It appeared in the eighteenth century, as universal and immutable as human nature.
1.2 Statement of Problem
The history of slavery spans nearly every culture, nationality and religion and from ancient times to the present day. However, the social, economic and legal position of slaves was vastly different in different systems of slavery in different times and places. The fact remained that at the beginning of the nineteenth century, an estimated three quarter of people alive were trapped in bondage against their will either in some form of slavery or serfdom. Denmark Norway was the first European Country to ban the slave trade. Although slavery is no longer legal anywhere in the world, human trafficking remains an international problem and an estimated 25 – 40 million people are living in slavery today.
However, slavery is rare among hunter – gatherer populations. Mass slavery requires economic surpluses and a high population density to be viable. Due to these factors, the practice of slaver would only have proliferated after the invention of Agriculture during the Neolithic Revolution, about 11,000 years ago. David living Stone wrote of the slave trades: “To overthrow its evils is a simple impossibility… we passed a slave woman shot and stabbed through the body and lying on the path (on lookers) said an Arab who passed early that morning had done it in anger at losing the price he had given for her because she was unable to walk any longer. We passed a woman who tied by the neck to a tree and dead… the strangest disease I have seen in this country seems really to be broken heartedness, and it attacks free men who have been captured and made slaves.
1.3 Objective of the Study
The objectives of this study include:
- To examine the theory of enslavement/feminism
- The causes of enslavement
- The effect/characteristics of enslavement
- The cost of libration
1.4 Methodology
The method that I intend to use in my research work will be the library as well as the internet services.
1.5 Significant of the Study
This research work will beneficial to the students, and other research students, the teachers or lecturers as well as the general public, who sees enslavement as a dehumanization, deprivation and a complete wearing a way of one’s self esteem and integrity and therefore, seek for a way of tackling the menace in the society through any means of communication.
1.6 Delimitation
This research seeks to address the afore mentioned challenges in the significant and the objectives of the study above in Flora Nwapa’s One is Enough and Buchi Emecheta’s The Slave Girl, with exclusive attention to what is really the idea of enslavement, effect, causes and the cost libration without further straying as identified in the objectives of the study.
1.7 Limitations
I would have desired in the course of research to go further and obtain more facts and information from the both authors themselves, as to what informed their vision when writing the book, but owning to time constraint and of course economic incapacity, I will be restrained from further enquiry.
1.8 Theoretical Framework
Of course in considering the two texts under research, the man idea that is so conspicuous is the female oppression, exploit, colonization and other social vices; and the theoretical framework will be feminism, what is feminism? Feminism is a range of political movements, ideologies and social movement that share a common goal; to define, establish and achieve political, economic personal and social right for women. This includes seeking to establish equal opportunities for women in education and employment. Feminist movement have campaigned and continue to campaigned for women’s rights, including the right to vote, to hold public office, to earn fair wages or equal pay, to own property, to receive education, to enter contract, to have equal right within marriage, and to have maternity learn. Feminist have also worked to promote bodily autonomy and integrity, and to protect women and girls from rape, sexual harassment and domestic violence. Feminist campaigns are generally considered to be the force behind major historical, societal changes for women’s right, particularly in the West, were they are near universally credited with achieving women’s suffrage, gender neutrality in English, reproductive right for women (including access to contraceptives and abortion), and the right to enter into contract and own property. Although feminist advocacy is, and has been, mainly focused an women’s right, some feminists, including bell hooks, argued for the inclusion of men’s libration within its aims because men are also harmed by traditional gender roles.
Feminist theory, which emerged from feminist movement, aims to understand the nature of gender inequality by examining women’s social roles and lived experience; it has developed theories in a variety of disciplines in other to respond to issues concerning gender. Numerous feminist movements and ideologies have developed over the years and represent different viewpoints and aims. Some forms of feminisms have been criticized for taking into account only white, middle class, and educated perspectives. This criticism led to the creation of ethnically specific or multicultural forms of feminism, including black feminism and intersectional feminism.
Historically, Charles Fourier, a Utopian Socialist and French Philosopher, is credited with having coined the word “Feminism in 1837. The word “feminisme” (Feminism) and “feminist” (feminist) first appeared in France and Netherlands in 1872, Great Britain in the 1890s, and the United States in 1910, and the Oxford English Dictionary lists 1852 as the year of the first appearance of “feminist” and 1875 for “feminism”. Depending on the historical moment, culture and country, feminist around the world have had different causes and goals. Most Western feminist historians accepts that all movement working, even when they did not (do not) apply the term to themselves. Other historians assert that the term should be limited to the modern feminist movements and its descendants. Those historians assert that the term should be limited to the modern feminist, movements and its descendants. Those historians used the label “protofeminist” to describe earlier movement. The history of the modern western feminist movement is divided into three waves. Each wares dealt with different aspect of the same feminist issues. The first were comprise women’s suffrage movement of the 19th and early 20th centuries, promoting women’s right to vote. The second wave was associated with the ideas and actions of the women’s liberation movement beginning is the 1960s. the second wave campaigned for legal and social equality for women. The third wave is a continuation of, and a reaction to, the perceived failure of second wave feminisms, beginning in the 1990s.
1.9 Chapter Breakdown
Chapter one: Introduction/background of the study, statement of the problem, aim and objectives of the study, significance of the study, limitations, delimitation and Author’s Bio data.
Chapter two: Literature Review, scholars view on the theory of feminism, female victimization and slavery in relation to Nwapa’s One is Enough and Emecheta’s The Slave Girl.
Chapter three: The relationship between slavery enslavement and feminism and the general overview of the both ideologies.
Chapter four: Comparative analysis of both works.
Chapter five: Conclusion, summary and recommendation for further study.
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