PROXIMATE ANALYSIS ON TIGER NUT
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TABLE OF CONTENT
Title page i
Certification ii
Dedication iii
Acknowledgment iv
Table of content vi
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 Introduction 1
1.1 Literature Review 5
1.2 Tiger-Nut as a Plant 11
1.2.1. Fresh Tiger-Nut 17
1.2.2. Tiger-Nut Milk 19
1.2.3. Tiger-Nut Flower 21
1.3 Economic and Nutritional Benefit of 26
Tiger-Nut
1.4 Uses of Oil 32
1.4.1 Use in Medicine and Cosmetic Industry 33
1.5 Storage 34
1.6 Side effect of Eating Tiger-Nut 35
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 Materials and Method 36
2.1 Yellow Variety of Tiger-Nut 36
2.2 Proximate Analysis on Tiger-Nut 37
2.2.1 Determination of Moisture content 37
2.2.2 Determination of Ash Content 38
Percentage
2.2.3 Determination of Protein Content 39
Percentage
2.2.4 Determination of Fat Content 41
Percentage
2.2.5 Determination of Fiber Content 43
Percentage
2.2.6 Determination of Crude Fat 44
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 Result 47
3.1 Proximate Composition of Tiger Nut 47
Tuber
3.1.1 Moisture content (Percentage 47
3.1.2 Ash content (Percentage) 48
3.1.3 Protein content (Percentage) 49
3.1.4 Fat content (Percentage) 49
3.1.5 Fibre content (Percentage) 49
3.2 Analysis on Fat Extraction 49
3.3. Sterols Composition 51
3.4 Calculation for Crude Fat 51
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 Discussion and Recommendation 52
4.1 Conclusion 52
4.2 Reference 54
CHAPTER ONE
1.1 INTRODUCTION
Tiger nut is a tuber that is grown in the soil. It has a dimension ranging from 6-10 mm and occurs in different varieties. The colour is brown and has a sweet flavor when eaten. Tiger nut has been used extensively mainly for human consumption in Spain (Mason, 2008; Tiger nuts Traders, 2009). Tiger nuts are prepared and eaten cold as snacks. The milk can be extracted, treated and bottled. The flour is used to make cakes and biscuits and the oil is used for cooking (Wise, 2009). In United Kingdom, tiger nut is superb bait for carp fishing (Wise, 2009).
In Nigeria, the utilization of tiger nut is highly limited in spite of the fact that tiger nut is cultivated widely in the Northern part of the country. Tiger nuts are eaten raw mainly as snacks or fried and eaten mixed with roasted groundnuts (Abaejoh et al., 2006).
Kofi (1990) reported that sweetened tiger nut extract are bottled and sold in Ghana.
Recently, there is awareness for increased utilization of tiger nut (Belewu and Abodunrin, 2006; Belewu andBelewu, 2007; Ade-Omowaye et al., 2008; Ukwuru et al., 2008). Tiger nuts are valued for their highly nutritious starch content, dietary fibre and carbohydrate (Umeneand Enebeli, 1997) and are rich in sucrose (17.4-20.0%), fat (25.5%), protein (8.0%) (Kordyias, 1990; Temple et al., 1990). Tiger nut is also rich in mineral content such as sodium, calcium, potassium, magnesium, zinc and traces of copper (Omode et al.,995; Oladele and Aina, 2007). The dietary fibre content of tiger nut is effective in the treatment and prevention of diseases such colon cancer, coronary heart diseases, obesity, diabetes and gastro-intestinal disorders (Anderson et al., 1994).
Tiger nut tubers are diuretic and can be used as stimulant and tonic (Chopral et al.1986) and in the treatment of flatulence, indigestion, diarrhea, dysentery and excessive thirst (Chevalier, 1996). In addition, tiger nut has been demonstrated to contain higher essential amino acids than those proposed in the protein standard by FAO/WHO (1995) for satisfying adult needs for protein (Bosch and Alegna, 2005). Researchers have developed phyto milk of acceptable quality from tiger nut tubers (Abaejo et al., 2006; Ukwuru et al., 2008). Possible industrial application of tiger nut tubers has also been investigated (Oderinde and Tahir, 1988).
Tiger nut tubers can be processed in different ways to obtain different products. Pak. J. Nutr., 10 (2): 101-105, 2011-102. These products are of high nutritional values and Collins and Lyne (1979). The samples were serial economic potentials, hence deserve a greater attention diluted and an aliquot was plated in duplicate plates offhand it is currently given. As a crop that is grown widely in plate count agar for bacteria and potato dextrose agar for Nigeria, its availability is guaranteed. What are currently moulds. The plates were incubated at 37 C, 24 h and militating against the utilization of tiger nut is the little 25 C, 3 days for bacteria and moulds respectively. Awareness of the importance of this plant. The following Counts were carried out on plates containing 30-300are possible derivatives of tiger nut: flour, milk, oil, cake, colonies using a colony counter and expressed as cream cheese, chocolate, biscuits, cookies, etc. The colony forming unit (cfu).objective of this research was to develop new products from tigernut tubers in other to increase the utilization of tigernut.
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